Мультитаргетный подход к фитотерапии заболеваний печени

Печень – многофункциональный орган, играющий центральную роль в регуляции физиологических процессов, включая метаболизм, детоксикацию, синтез белка и иммунный ответ. Заболевания печени представляют собой широкий спектр патологических изменений, характеризующихся повреждением гепатоцитов, активацией звездчатых клеток печени, которые в совокупности ухудшают функцию печени и нарушают ее структуру. Ежегодно заболевания печени приводят примерно к 2 млн смертей и составляют 4% от общей смертности в мире. Хронические заболевания печени обычно возникают из-за инфекций вируса гепатита В (HBV) и вируса гепатита С (HCV), употребления алкоголя, а также из-за растущей во всем мире метаболически-ассоциированной жировой болезни печени (МАЖБП). Современная диагностика заболеваний печени обычно требует сочетания клинической картины, специфических биомаркеров и биопсии печени. В настоящее время патогенетическое лечение заболеваний печени в значительной степени сосредоточено на устранении причин, нормализации ее функций и облегчении симптомов. Традиционные методы лечения часто сталкиваются с ограничениями из-за побочных эффектов, высокой стоимости и недостаточной эффективности, что подталкивает на поиск альтернативных терапевтических стратегий. Фитотерапия, использующая биоактивные растительные соединения (например, флавоноиды, полифенолы и алкалоиды), предлагает многообещающий подход в использовании гепатопротекторных, антиоксидантных, противовоспалительных и антифибротических свойств растительных препаратов. Эти многоцелевые свойства позволяют эффективно бороться с окислительным стрессом и воспалением, одновременно способствуя регенерации печени. Последние достижения в медицине подчеркивают синергию между фитотерапией и стратегиями, направленными на использование традиционных лекарственных средств, при этом растительные препараты оказались в некоторых случаях эффективнее в восстановлении и стабилизации липидного и печеночного профиля. Интеграция фитотерапии с традиционной медициной потенциально может произвести революцию в лечении заболеваний печени, особенно в условиях ограниченных ресурсов.

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