Topical issues of the clinic of primary brain tumors
https://doi.org/10.21518/2079-701X-2019-19-181-188
Abstract
The article is devoted to the issue of clinical and neurological features of primary brain tumors (PBT). PBT account for 2% of the total number of human tumors. PBT represent an urgent social problem, causing disability and mortality. The incidence rate of primary tumors of the brain and other parts of the central nervous system in the United States from 2011 to 2015 amounted to 23.03 cases per 100,000 population. The most common histological types of PBT: meningioma (36.4%), pituitary tumors (15.5%)
and glioblastoma (15.1%).
The clinical picture of PBT is represented by cerebral and focal symptoms. Neurological deficit is determined by the location and volume of the neoplasm.
The initial manifestations of tumor growth may be symptoms of irritation of the squeezed area of the brain tissue, which will be replaced later by symptoms of prolapse. Cerebral symptoms in most cases are associated with increased intracranial pressure and the development of cerebral edema. The subsequent development of the tumor process leads to the dislocation of brain structures and the formation of wedge syndromes. The most common clinical symptoms are: cognitive deficit (36%), convulsive syndrome (35%), headache (31%), ataxia (24%) and motor deficiency (22%).
The article summarizes the data of world and domestic clinical studies aimed at determining the prevailing symptoms of primary brain tumors for the purpose of early diagnosis, timely medical care and assessment of the effectiveness of the treatment. Knowing the specifics of the clinical picture will significantly increase oncological alertness, which will lead to early diagnosis and timely treatment of PBT, which play a key role in improving the quality of life and increasing its duration.
and glioblastoma (15.1%).
The clinical picture of PBT is represented by cerebral and focal symptoms. Neurological deficit is determined by the location and volume of the neoplasm.
The initial manifestations of tumor growth may be symptoms of irritation of the squeezed area of the brain tissue, which will be replaced later by symptoms of prolapse. Cerebral symptoms in most cases are associated with increased intracranial pressure and the development of cerebral edema. The subsequent development of the tumor process leads to the dislocation of brain structures and the formation of wedge syndromes. The most common clinical symptoms are: cognitive deficit (36%), convulsive syndrome (35%), headache (31%), ataxia (24%) and motor deficiency (22%).
The article summarizes the data of world and domestic clinical studies aimed at determining the prevailing symptoms of primary brain tumors for the purpose of early diagnosis, timely medical care and assessment of the effectiveness of the treatment. Knowing the specifics of the clinical picture will significantly increase oncological alertness, which will lead to early diagnosis and timely treatment of PBT, which play a key role in improving the quality of life and increasing its duration.
About the Authors
T. I. Ashkhatsava
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Postgraduate Student, Chair for Neurology, Neurosurgery and Medical Genetics
1, Ostrovityanova st., Moscow 117997, Russia
M. Yu. Tatarinova
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor, Chair for Neurology, Neurosurgery and Medical Genetics
1, Ostrovityanova St., Moscow 117997, Russia
L. M. Kogoniya
State Budgetary Healthcare Institution of the Moscow Region «M.F. Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute»
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor, Chair for Oncology and Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Continuing Medical Education
Bldg. 1, 61/2 Schepkina St., Moscow, 129110, Russia
D. R. Naskhletashvili
Federal State Budgetary Institution «Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Senior Researcher
23, Kashirskoye Shosse, Moscow, 115478, Russia
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For citations:
Ashkhatsava TI, Tatarinova MY, Kogoniya LM, Naskhletashvili DR. Topical issues of the clinic of primary brain tumors. Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council. 2019;(19):181-188. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.21518/2079-701X-2019-19-181-188
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