Vaccinal prevention of chickenpox: relevance of the problem
https://doi.org/10.21518/2079-701X-2020-10-28-33
Abstract
Chickenpox is an acute viral infection which is a serious public health problem. According to the World Health Organization, there are 4,2 million severe forms of disease requiring hospitalization and 4,200 deaths annually. The CP cause is DNA-containing herpesvirus 3, Varicella-zoster. The first symptoms of the disease appear after the incubation period, which lasts from 10 to 21 days, and are manifested by fever, malaise and the appearance of a characteristic rash in the form of small vesicles with transparent content on the skin and mucous membranes. The vesicles are progressively covered with crust, which disappears within 7–10 days. Chicken pox is more frequent in the mild and moderate form, but it may develop severe forms, atypical course, complications (most often bacterial skin infections and lesions of the nervous system are registered in children (more often – chicken encephalitis), and in adults - pneumonia). Vaccinal prevention is the most effective and scientifically proven method of infection control, and chickenpox currently belongs to such infections. The currently used chickenpox vaccines were developed in the mid 1970s, used in some countries from the mid 1980s, and from the early 1990s began to be used in routine immunization programmes in leading countries. Since then, their safety and immunogenicity as well as high efficiency of routine chickenpox vaccine prevention in both healthy and high-risk individuals have been proved. Accumulated experience has shown that a vaccine can reduce the number of cases and the frequency of hospitalizations and deaths when mass immunization is carried out.
About the Authors
S. V. Nikolaeva
Central Research Institute of Epidemiology
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Svetlana V. Nikolaeva, Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Senior Researcher of the Clinical Department of Infectious Pathology
3a, Novogireevskaya St., Moscow, 111123
O. O. Pogorelova
Central Research Institute of Epidemiology
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Olga O. Pogorelova, Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Junior Researcher of the Clinical Department of Infectious Pathology
3a, Novogireevskaya St., Moscow, 111123
Yu. N. Khlypovka
Central Research Institute of Epidemiology
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Yuliya N. Khlypovka, Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Junior Researcher of the Clinical Department of Infectious Pathology
3a, Novogireevskaya St., Moscow, 111123
A. V. Gorelov
Central Research Institute of Epidemiology; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Aleksandr V. Gorelov, Corresponding Member of RAS, Dr. of Sci. (Med), Professor, Deputy Director for Science, Federal Budget Institution of Science “Central Research Institute of Epidemiology” of The Federal Service on Customers’ Rights Protection and Human Well-being Surveillance; Professor of the Department of Children’s Diseases, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education “I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)
3a, Novogireevskaya St., Moscow, 111123
8, Bldg. 2, Trubetskaya St., Moscow, 119991
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Review
For citations:
Nikolaeva SV, Pogorelova OO, Khlypovka YN, Gorelov AV. Vaccinal prevention of chickenpox: relevance of the problem. Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council. 2020;(10):28-33. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.21518/2079-701X-2020-10-28-33
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