Thyroid cancer: retrospective study of patients with surgical treatment (a single-center experience)

Introduction. Nodular goiter is one of the most common endocrine disorder, and thyroid cancer takes a leading place among
malignancy of the endocrine system.
The aim of our study is to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of thyroid cancer.
Materials and methods: this is a retrospective case-control study that included 140 patients operated with suspected thyroid cancer according to a cytological study of fine needle aspirates in single center in 2018. All patients underwent preoperative cytological examination with interpretation of the results according to the Bethesda system, thyroid ultrasound examination, thyroid status assessment. The results of the cytological examination, as well as clinical and laboratory data were compared with the data of histological analysis.
Results: According to the preoperative cytological study, 76 nodules were reported as Bethesda IV, 4 – Bethesda III, 32 – Bethesda VI, 28 – Bethesda V. According to the results of a histological examination, thyroid cancer was confirmed in 70% of patients: in 89,3% of Bethesda V and 100% in the Bethesda VI group, 52,6% of Bethesda IV, 25% of the Bethesda III. The risk of nodule malignancy was associated with such ultrasound signs as hypoechoicity, calcifications and irregular contours.
Conclusions: the improvement of the methods of preoperative diagnosis of thyroid cancer should help to choose the optimal surgical strategy, reduce the number of diagnostic and repeated thyroidectomy.

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