Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamins A, D, E with increased mental and physical stress in schoolchildren
https://doi.org/10.21518/2079-701X-2021-17-48-54
Abstract
Under current conditions of life with its intense rhythm, launch of new technologies, lack of time, both physical and mental workloads on a person increase. In these days, doctors more often report patients’ complaints of undue tiredness: they don’t feel rested even after a holiday and/or sleep. Today we tend to detect such manifestations not only in adults. Children also become less stress-resistant, more irritable due to an overabundance of information, and are prone to frequent infections. How can we help the growing generation cope with the increasing workloads? There’s no question, everyone knows about the need to use vitamins, but the right choice is not always possible. There are currently many single-component vitamin supplements and vitamin-mineral complexes. Some people prefer not to use industrially produced vitamins, but those contained in the natural products - fruits, vegetables, berries. But unfortunately, such a diet does not include the group of fat-soluble vitamins - A, D, E, K. In addition, far from everyone understands the importance of eating fatty acids. This article is devoted to the feasibility of additional intake of fat-soluble vitamins, polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3), their role in the body and deficiency symptoms. It has been established that the polyunsaturated fatty acid deficiency in the early period of life may trigger the development of cardiovascular disorders, problems associated with high cholesterol content, visual impairment, a drop of immunity, learning difficulties, and nervous system disorders in children in later years. Particular attention is paid to the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplement combined with vitamins (A, E, D3), which enhance the positive effects. In addition, it does not cause negative emotions since it has a fruity taste.
About the Author
L. S. StarostinaRussian Federation
Lada S. Starostina, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Pediatrician, Pulmonologist, Neonatologist, University Children’s Clinical Hospital, Sechenov First MSMU (Sechenov University); Associate Professor, Department of Children’s Diseases, Filatov CICH.
8, Bldg. 2, Trubetskaya St., Moscow, 119991;19, Bldg. 1, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya St., Moscow, 119435
References
1. Pivovarova A.M. Asthenic conditions in chiLdren and adoLescents. Prevention and treatment. Praktika pediatra = Pediatrician Practice. 2012;(6):56-61. (In Russ.) AvaiLabLe at: https://medi.ru/info/8641.
2. Prakhin E.I., Odintsovo M.V., Akimov N.S. Comparative characteristics of the use of muLtivitamins of trace eLement compLexes in preventive pediatrics. Voprosy detskoy dietologii = Pediatric Nutrition. 2005;3(5):27-32. (In Russ.) AvaiLabLe at: https://eLibrary.ru/item.asp?id=9509535&.
3. Vrzhesinskaya O.A., Kodentsova V.M., Pereverzeva O.G., Leonenko S.N. Providing vitamins to chiLdren attending preschooL educationaL institutions in various regions (Moscow region, Ekaterinburg). Pediatr = Pediatrician (St Petersburg). 2017;8(5):49-53. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.17816/PED8549-53.
4. Lundina G.V., Repetskaya M.N., Toropova E.A., GoLovina V.V. Modern aspects of earLy chiLdhood nutrition. Eksperimental’naya i kliniches-kaya gastroenterologiya = Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2018;(8):41-44. (In Russ.) AvaiLabLe at: http://www.gastrossr.org/index.php/en/2018e/e08-156/423-08-156-2018-cg.
5. Zakharova I.N., Sugyan N.G., Dmitrieva Yu.A. Micronutrient deficiency in preschooL chiLdren. Voprosy sovremennoy pediatrii = Current Pediatrics. 2014;13(4):63-69. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.15690/vsp.v13i4.1086.
6. Sharmanov T.Sh., SaLkhanova A.B., Dathabaeva G.K. Comparative characteristics of the actuaL nutrition of chiLdren aged 9-10 years. Voprosy pitani-ya = Problems of Nutrition. 2018;87(6):28-41. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.24411/0042-8833-2018-10064.
7. Martinchik A.N., Baturin A.K., Keshabyants E.E., Fatyanova L.N., Semenova Ya.A., Bazarova L.B., Ustinova Yu.V. AnaLysis of the actuaL nutrition of chiLdren and adoLescents in Russia aged 3 to 19 years. Voprosy pitaniya = Problems of Nutrition. 2017;86(4):50-60. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.24411/0042-8833-2017-00059.
8. PoLyashova A.S. The infLuence of individuaL nutrients on the deveLopment of mentaL abiLities and the preservation of visuaL acuity in chiLdren of preschooL and schooL age. Voprosy sovremennoy pediatrii = Current Pediatrics. 2012;11(4):153-157. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.15690/vsp.v11i4.376.
9. Studenikin V.M. (ed.). Vitamins in neuropediatrics as antistress factors. Moscow; 2006. 32 p. (in Russ.).
10. Studenikin V.M., Spirichev V.B., Samsonova T.V., Markeeva V.D., Anisimova T.G., Shchukin S.A., Karpunina T.G. InfLuence of suppLementary vitamins donation on morbidity and cognitive functions in chiLdren. Voprosy detskoy dietologii = Pediatric Nutrition. 2009;7(3):32-37. (In Russ.) AvaiLabLe at: https://eLibrary.ru/item.asp?id=12907949.
11. ALekseeva A.A. AppLication of vitamins in pediatric practice. Pediatricheskaya farmakologiya = Pediatric Pharmacology. 2009;6(1):75-80. (In Russ.) AvaiLabLe at: https://www.pedpharma.ru/jour/articLe/view/1049.
12. Benton D. Micronutrient status, cognition and behavioraL probLems in chiLdhood. Eur J Nutr. 2008;47(3 SuppL.):38-50. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s00394-008-3004-9.
13. YayLenko A.A. RoLe of macro- and micronutrients in the prevention and correction of cognitive disorders in chiLdren. Vestnik Smolenskoy gosudarst-vennoy meditsinskoy akademii = Bulletin of the Smolensk State Medical Academy. 2020;19(1):216-226. (In Russ.) AvaiLabLe at: https://sgma.info/ru/issues-archive/2020.htmL?downLoad=758:2020-1.
14. Novikov P.V. Nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics - new directions in nutrici-oLogy in the postgenomic period. Voprosy detskoy dietologii = Pediatric Nutrition. 2012;10(1):44-52. (In Russ.) AvaiLabLe at: https://eLibrary.ru/item.asp?id=17753670.
15. Starostina L.S. Vitamin and mineraL suppLy in chiLdren: a pediatrician's view. RMZh. Mat’ i ditya = RMJ. Mother and Child. 2020;3(4):319-324. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.32364/2618-8430-2020-3-4-319-325.
16. Baranov A.A., TuteLyan V.A., Moshetova L.K. National program “vitamin D deficiency in children and adolescents of the Russian Federation: modern approaches to correction" Moscow: Pediatr; 2018. 96 p. (In Russ.).
17. Batysheva T.T., Kvasova O.V., KLimov Yu.A., PLatonova A.N., Bykova O.V., Sarzhina M.N. et aL. Correction of cognitive impairments in children and adolescents: guidelines No. 31. Moscow; 2016. 24 p. (In Russ.) AvaiLabLe at: http://www.npcdp.ru/fiLes/science/korrekciya-kognitivnyh-narusheniy-u-detey-i-podrostkov.pdf.
18. Baranov A.A., Zakharova I.N., Gromova O.A., Borovik T.E., Ladodo K.S., ShabaLov N.P et aL. National program to optimize the supply of vitamins and minerals for children in Russia (and the use of vitamin and vitamin-mineral complexes and fortified foods in pediatric practice). Moscow: Pediatr; 2017. 152 p. (In Russ.).
19. Zakharova I.N., Sugyan N.G., Dmitrieva Yu.A. Micronutrient deficiency in preschooL chiLdren. Voprosy sovremennoy pediatrii = Current Pediatrics. 2014;13(4):63-69. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.15690/vsp.v13i4.1086.
20. Kodentsova V.M., Vrzhesinskaya O.A., SokoL'nikov A.A. Food fortification: the history and perspectives. Voprosy pitaniya = Problems of Nutrition. 2012;10(5):31-44. (In Russ.) AvaiLabLe at: https://www.voprosy-pitaniya.ru/ru/jarticLes_diet/147.htmL?SSr=40013352a51455ce88f627c_55ce4871.
21. Rebrov V.G., Gromova O.A. Vitamins, macro-and microelements. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media; 2008. 960 p. (in Russ.) AvaiLabLe at: https://www.rosm-edLib.ru/book/ISBN9785970408148.htmL.
22. Korovina N.A., Zakharova I.N., ZapLatnikov I.L., Obynochnaya E.G. Vitamins and microeLements in the practice of a pediatrician. RMZh = RMJ. 2004;12(1):48-55. (In Russ.) AvaiLabLe at: https://www.rmj.ru/articLes/pedi-atriya/Vitaminy_i_mikroeLementy_v_praktike_vracha-pediatra/.
23. Kosenko I.M. Micronutrients and children's health. Voprosy sovremennoy pediatrii = Current Pediatrics. 2011;10(6):179-185. (In Russ.) Available at: https://vsp.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/798?locale=ru_RU.
24. Makarova S.G., Vishneva E.A. Long-chain polyunsaturated <ю-3 and<u-6 fatty acids as essential nutrients in different periods of childhood. Pediatricheskaya farmakologiya = Pediatric Pharmacology. 2013;10(4):80-88. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.15690/pf.v10i4.758.
25. Gromova O.A., Torshin I.Yu., Egorova E.Yu. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and cognitive development of children. Voprosy sovremennoy pediatrii = Current Pediatrics. 2011;10(1):66-72. (In Russ.) Available at: https://vsp.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/541?locale=ru_RU.
26. Tutelyan V.A., Kon' I.Ya. (eds.). Baby food. Moscow: Meditsinskoye informat-sionnoye agentstvo; 2013. 744 p. (In Russ.).
27. Nikolaieva S.V., Usenko D.V., Shushakova E.K., Savvateeva OA., Gorelov A.V. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids value for children. RMZh = RMJ. 2020;(2):28-32. (In Russ.) Available at: https://www.rmj.ru/articles/pediatri-ya/Znachenie_omega-3_polinenasyschennyh_ghirnyh_kislot_dlya_detey/.
28. Arterburn L.M., Hall E.B., Oken H. distribution, interconversion, and dose response of n-3 fatty acids in humans. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006;83(6):1467S-1476S. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/83.6.1467S.
29. Koletzko B., Agostoni C., Carlson S.E., Clandinin T., Hornstra G., Neuringer M. et al. Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) and perinatal development. Acta Paediatr. 2001;90(4):460-464. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.2001.tb00452.x.
30. McCann J.C., Ames B.N. Is docosahexaenoic acid, an n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid, required for development of normal brain function? An overview of evidence from cognitive and behavioral tests in humans and animals. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005;82(2):281-295. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn.82.2.281.
31. Swanson D., Block R., Mousa S.A. Omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA: health benefits throughout life. AdvNutr. 2012;3(1):1-7. https://doi.org/10.3945/an.111.000893.
32. Kirby A., Woodward A., Jackson S., Wang Y., Crawford M.A. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study investigating the effects of omega-3 supplementation in children aged 8-10 years from a mainstream school population. Res Dev Disabil. 2010;31(3):718-730. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2010.01.014.
33. Bloch M. H., Oawasmi A. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation for the treatment of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptomatology: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2011;50(10):991-1000. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2011.06.008.
34. McNamara R.K., Able J., Jandacek R., Rider T., Tso P, Eliassen J.C. et al. Docosahexaenoic acid supplementation increases prefrontal cortex activation during sustained attention in healthy boys: a placebo-controlled, dose-ranging, functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010;91(4):1060-1067. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.2009.28549.
35. Colter A.L., Cutler C., Meckling K.A. Fatty acid status and behavioural symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adolescents: a case-control study. Nutr J. 2008;7(1):8-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-7-8.
36. Young G.S., Maharaj NJ., Conquer J.A. Blood phospholipid fatty acid analysis of adults with and without attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Lipids. 2004;39(2):117-123. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-004-1209-3.
37. Spahis S., Vanasse M., Belanger S.A., Ghadirian P., Grenier E., Levy E. Lipid profile, fatty acid composition and pro- and anti-oxidant status in pediatric patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2008;79(1-2):47-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plefa.2008.07.005.
38. Innis S.M. Dietary (n-3) Fatty Acids and Brain Development. J Nutr 2007;137(4):855-859. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/137.4.855.
39. Rader R., McCauley L., Callen E.C. Current strategies in the diagnosis and treatment of childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Am Fam Physician. 2009;79(8):657-665. Available at: https://www.aafp.org/afp/2009/0415/p657.html.
40. Bykova O.V., Klimov Yu.A., Tikhonov S.V., Darina S.V. Polyunsaturated fatty acid deficiency and pediatric neuropsychiatric morbidity. Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council. 2020;(18):173-178. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.21518/2079-701X-2020-18-173-178.
41. Montgomery P., Burton J.R., Sewell R.P., Spreckelsen T.F., Richardson AJ. Fatty acids and sleep in UK children: subjective and pilot objective sleep results from the DOLAB study - a randomized controlled trial. J Sleep Res. 2014;23(4):364-388. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.12135.
42. Ladesich J.B., Pottala J.V., Romaker A., Harris W.S. Membrane level of omega-3 docosahexaenoic acid is associated with severity of obstructive sleep apnea. J Clin Sleep Med. 2011;7(4):391-396. https://doi.org/10.5664/JCSM.1198.
Review
For citations:
Starostina LS. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamins A, D, E with increased mental and physical stress in schoolchildren. Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council. 2021;(17):48-54. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.21518/2079-701X-2021-17-48-54