Prospects for finding means of non-specific prevention of COVID-19 infection
https://doi.org/10.21518/2079-701X-2022-16-6-36-42
Abstract
With the ongoing pandemic of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the emergence of its new genovariants, along with the relevance of addressing the issue of vaccination of the population, the importance of non-specific prophylaxis, which is designed to reduce the viral load on the body and slow down the rate of virus spread, is increasing. The currently available research and experience in the use of antiseptic drugs or their combinations with the antimicrobial peptide lysozyme can be used for this purpose.Currently available research and experience in the use of antiseptic drugs or their combinations with the antimicrobial peptide lysozyme can be used for this purpose. Under conditions of lysozyme deficiency unhindered accumulation of non-hydrolyzed substrate, which is a constant source of autoantigens, is accompanied by immunity, metabolic and tissue homeostasis disorders. Analysis of a comparative study of different groups of antiseptics showed high virulicidal efficacy of cetylpyridinium chlorideCetylpyridinium chloride has an electrostatic effect on viral membrane lipids, causing their aggregation and dissolution, which leads to disruption of the integrity of the virus membrane, its interaction with mucosal epithelial cells and penetration into target cells, having a direct virulicide effect on SARS-CoV-2. An important factor of innate mucosal immunity is lysozyme, it has antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal and anti-inflammatory effects, normalizes microbiocenosis, restores immune system activity, increases mucosal barrier function. The combination of cetylpyridinium chloride and lysozyme hydrochloride has a dual antiviral effect, reducing the viral load on the body and enhancing the ability to control the spread of SARS-CoV-2 both from patients in the prodromal period of the disease or with its clinical manifestations, and from asymptomatic carriers with confirmed COVID-19 infection status.
About the Author
D. V. Usenko
Central Research Institute of Epidemiology
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Dr. Sci. (Med.), Leading Researcher, Clinical Department of Infectious Pathology,
3, letter A, Novogireevskaya St., Moscow, 111123
References
1. Yatsyshina S.B., Mamoshina M.V., Elkina M.A., Sharukho G.V., Raspopova Yu.I., Folmer A.Ya. et al. Prevalence of ARVI, influenza, and COVID-19 pathogens in individuals without symptoms of respiratory infection. Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2021;98(4): 383–396. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-152.
2. Avdeev S.N., Adamyan L.V., Alekseeva E.I., Bagnenko S.F., Baranov A.A., Baranova N.I. et al. Temporary guidelines. Prevention, diagnosis and treatment of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19). Moscow; 2021. 237 p. (In Russ.) Available at: https://static-0.minzdrav.gov.ru/system/attachments/attaches/000/058/211/original/BMP-13.pdf.
3. Chopra A., Sivaraman K., Radhakrishnan R., Balakrishnan D., Narayana A. Can povidone iodine gargle/mouthrinse inactivate SARS-CoV-2 and decrease the risk of nosocomial and community transmission during the COVID-19 pandemic? An evidence-based update. Jpn Dent Sci Rev. 2021;57:39–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdsr.2021.03.001.
4. Cavalcante-Leão B.L., de Araujo C.-M., Basso I.-B., Schroder A.-G.-D., GuarizaFilho O., Ravazzi G.-C. et al. Is there scientific evidence of the mouthwashes effectiveness in reducing viral load in Covid-19? A systematic review. J Clin Exp Dent. 2021;13(2):e179–e189. https://doi.org/10.4317/jced.57406.
5. Castro-Ruiz C., Vergara-Buenaventura A. Povidone-Iodine Solution: A potential antiseptic to minimize the risk of COVID-19? A narrative review. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2020;10(6):681–685. https://doi.org/10.4103/jispcd.JISPCD_304_20.
6. Chorney S.R., Rizzi M.D., Dedhia K. Considerations for povidone-iodine antisepsis in pediatric nasal and pharyngeal surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic. Am J Otolaryngol. 2020;41(6):102737. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjoto.2020.102737.
7. Meyers C., Robison R., Milici J., Alam S., Quillen D., Goldenberg D. Lowering the transmission and spread of human coronavirus. J Med Virol. 2021;93(3):1605–1612. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.26514.
8. Pelletier J.S., Tessema B., Frank S., Westover J.B., Brown S.M., Capriotti J.A. Efficacy of povidone-Iodine nasal and oral antiseptic preparations against severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Ear Nose Throat J. 2021;100(2_suppl):192S–196S. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145561320957237.
9. Guenezan J., Garcia M., Strasters D., Jousselin C., Leveque N., Frasca D., Mimoz O. Povidone iodine mouthwash, gargle, and nasal spray to reduce nasopharyngeal viral load in patients with COVID-19: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2021;147(4):400–401. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoto.2020.5490.
10. Meister T.L., Bruggemann Y., Todt D., Conzelmann C., Muller J.A., Gross R. et al. Virucidal efficacy of different oral rinses against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. J Infect Dis. 2020;222(8):1289–1292. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaa471.
11. Davies K., Buczkowski H., Welch S.R., Green N., Mawer D., Woodford N. et al. Effective in vitro inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 by commercially available mouthwashes. J Gen Virol. 2021;102(4):001578. https://doi.org/10.1099/jgv.0.001578.
12. Komine A., Yamaguchi E., Okamoto N., Yamamoto K. Virucidal activity of oral care products against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. J Oral Maxillofac Surg Med Pathol. 2021;33(4):475–477. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajoms.2021.02.002.
13. Steinhauer K., Meister T.L., Todt D., Krawczyk A., Passvogel L., Becker B. et al. Comparison of the in-vitro efficacy of different mouthwash solutions targeting SARS-CoV-2 based on the European Standard EN 14476. J Hosp Infect. 2021;111:180–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2021.01.031.
14. Hang Y.H., Hang J.T. Use of chlorhexidine to eradicate oropharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 patients. J Med Virol. 2021;93(7):4370–4373. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.26954.
15. Komine A., Yamaguchi E., Okamoto N., Yamamoto K. Virucidal activity of oral care products against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. J Oral Maxillofac Surg Med Pathol. 2021;33(4):475–477. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajoms.2021.02.002.
16. Munoz-Basagoiti J., Perez-Zsolt D., Leon R., Blanc V., Raïch-Regué D., CanoSarabia M. et al. Mouthwashes with CPC reduce the infectivity of SARSCoV-2 variants in vitro. J Dent Res. 2021;100(11):1065–1272. https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345211029269.
17. Seneviratne C.J., Balan P., Ko K.K.K., Udawatte N.S., Lai D., Ng D.H.L. et al. Efficacy of commercial mouth-rinses on SARS-CoV-2 viral load in saliva: randomized control trial in Singapore. Infection. 2021;49(2):305–311. https://doi.org/10.1007/s15010-020-01563-9.
18. Kalyuzhin O.V. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and immunomodulatory effects of lysozyme: from mechanisms to pharmacological application. Effective Pharmacotherapy. 2018;1(14):6–13. (In Russ.) Available at: https://umedp.ru/articles/antibakterialnye_protivogribkovye_protivovirusnye_i_immunomoduliruyushchie_effekty_lizotsima_ot_mekh.html.
19. Mann J.K., Ndung’u T. The potential of lactoferrin, ovotransferrin and lysozyme as antiviral and immune-modulating agents in COVID-19. Future Virol. 2020;15(9):609–624. https://doi.org/10.2217/fvl-2020-0170.
20. Dorofeychouck V.G., Sher S.A. Concept of emergence of a new coronavirus infection. Pediatric Pharmacology. 2020;17(6):547–551. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.15690/pf.v17i6.2203.
21. Pogorelova O.O., Usenko D.V., Ardatskaya M.D., Dikaya A.V., Gorelov A.V. Аn evaluation of the efficacy of lysobact in treatment of acute respiratory diseases in children. Infectious Diseases. 2009;7(1):69–72. (In Russ.) Available at: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=12986932.
22. Gorelov A.V., Usenko D.V., Antonova L.P., Kozlovskaya L.I., Shustova E.Yu., Volok V.P. Prospects for the Use of Combined Lysozyme Drugs in COVID-19. Effective Pharmacotherapy. 2021;17(24):12–17. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.33978/2307-3586-2021-17-24-12-17.
23. Nikiforova G.N., Svistushkin V.M., Bidanova D.B., Volkova K.B. Еfficiency of application of complex topical drugs in patients with inflammatory diseases of the pharynx. Meditsinskiy Sovet. 2017;(8):24–28. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.21518/2079-701X-2017-8-24-28.
24. Ushkalova E.A., Zyryanov S.K., Zatolochina K.E. Muramyldipeptide – based compounds in current medicine: focus on glucosaminylmuramyl dipeptide. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv. 2019;91(12):122–127. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.26442/00403660.2019.12.000471.
25. Karpova E.P., Gurov A.V., Burlakova K.Yu. Possibility of treatment chronic adenoiditis and otitis media with effusion in children, into account the role of the microbiota of the mucous of the nasopharynx. Vestnik OtoRino-Laringologii. 2019;84(6):100–107. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.17116/otorino201984061100.
Review
For citations:
Usenko DV. Prospects for finding means of non-specific prevention of COVID-19 infection. Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council. 2022;(6):36-42. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.21518/2079-701X-2022-16-6-36-42
Views:
509
Email this article 