Nivolumab with Ipilimumab in the treatment of refractory hepatocellular carcinoma

HCC is considered refractory when it comes to progression during treatment with TKIs (sorafenib, lenvatinib). The combined immunotherapy of nivolumab with ipilimumab was studied in the one cohort of CheckMate-040 study, excluding immunotherapy-naive patients. The question of choosing an immunotherapy option in the presence of several options remains open. Like separate issue remains the prospect of using immunotherapeutic combinations after progression on immunotherapy. We present a long history of treatment of a patient with advanced HCC, which has been observed for 8 years at the Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology. The example of this clinical observation shows the result of a multidisciplinary individual approach to the treatment of advanced HCC with the background of hepatitis C virus without liver cirrhosis (Child -Pugh A), stage BCLC-C. During this period of time, the patient received 5 lines of antitumor therapy, which were repeatedly supplemented with TACE procedures, radiation therapy and surgical treatment, with oligometastatic progression. The longest period of therapy without progression was recorded with the use of Nivolumab 240 mg in the 3rd line for 18 months, without clinically significant toxicity. The disease progressed with damage of the brain substance, one-stage microsurgical removal of metastases was performed, followed by EBRT. 4-line TKI therapy was not long-term. Due to the lack of a potential therapy option, it was recommended to resume therapy with anti-PD-1 with the addition of anti-CTLA-4, which gave its objective effect. Since November 2021 patient received 4 courses of Nivolumab 1 mg/kg + ipilimumab 3 mg/kg once every 3 weeks, and a partial effect was achieved (-42% according to RECIST 1.1). Then we performed nivolumab 240 mg IV every 2 weeks — which the patient continues to the present time.

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