Epidemiology of polypous rhinosinusitis in a megalopolis with a developed heavy industry

Introduction. Polypous rhinosinusitis is one of the most common diseases in otorhinolaryngology. The registration of key risk groups, taking into account the anthropogenic load that aggravates the course of the polyposis process, contributes to the development of preventive measures to improve the quality of life of megalopolis residents.

Aim. To assess the quantitative prevalence of polypous rhinosinusitis by comparative dynamic analysis of incidence data by year in selected areas of the metropolis.

Materials and methods. The work was performed at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology of the South Ural State Medical University. A retrospective analysis of the prevalence of polypous rhinosinusitis (J33) in a megalopolis was conducted in individual service areas of medical organizations, based on information from the number of registrations of the disease in 26,970 patients, including 10,963 men and 16,007 women, according to form No. 12 of the annual report for 2020–2024.

Results. An increase in the incidence of polypous rhinosinusitis has been noted in all areas of the metropolis. The disease is more often recorded in people of working age from 18 to 44 years, with increasing age, the frequency of nosology registration decreases regardless of the area of the metropolis. Among all referrals, nasal polyposis was registered in patients living in areas with nearby heavy industry complexes from 19.1% to 23.5%, compared with people living in more favorable areas of the city, where the detection rates were equated to 14.1–16.5% in the structure of the total number of cases in the district in 2024. In 2024, the ratio of men to women was 1:1, in previous years, from 2020–2023, women were in the lead. Taking into account seasonality, the maximum turnover rates were recorded in the spring months, in areas located in close proximity to heavy industry complexes – mainly in the summer season.

Conclusion. The study of epidemiology indicators will make it easier to create medical examination groups, monitor the course of the disease, reduce the frequency of relapses, and improve the quality of life of megalopolis residents.

1. Пискунов ГЗ, Арефьева НА, Карпищенко СА, Карпова ЕП, Лопатин АС, Моисеева ЮП и др. Полипозный риносинусит: клинические рекомендации. М.; 2022. 57 с. Режим доступа: https://rhinology.ru/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/ПРС-Клинические_рекомендации_финал.pdf.

2. Пискунов ГЗ, Моисеева ЮП. Полипозный риносинусит. 2-е изд., доп. М.: МЕДпресс-информ; 2021. 136 с. Режим доступа: https://static.insalescdn.com/files/1/2067/16607251/original/polipoznii_rinosinusit_sod_i_prim_str.pdf.

3. Korkmazov MYu, Kazachkov EL, Lengina MA, Dubinets ID, Korkmazov AM. Cause-effect factors of rhinosinusitis poliposa development. Russian Rhinology. 2023;31(2):124–130. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.17116/rosrino202331021124.

4. Fokkens WJ, Lund VJ, Hopkins C, Hellings PW, Kern R, Reitsma S et al. European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps 2020. Rhinology. 2020;58(Suppl. 29):1–464. https://doi.org/10.4193/Rhin20.600.

5. Ference EH, Suh JD, Tan BK, Smith SS. How often is sinus surgery performed for chronic rhinosinusitis with versus without nasal polyps? Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2018;32(1):34–39. https://doi.org/10.2500/ajra.2018.32.4495.

6. Korkmazov MYu, Lengina MA, Korkmasova M, Kravchenko A.Yu. Effect of post-COVID syndrome on the quality of life of patients with allergic rhinitis and eosinophilic phenotype of chronic polyposis rhinosinusitis. Medical Journal of the Russian Federation. 2023;29(4):277–290. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.17816/medjrf472079.

7. Settipane GA. Epidemiology of nasal polyps. Allergy Asthma Proc. 1996;17(5):231–236. https://doi.org/10.2500/108854196778662246.

8. Korkmazov MYu, Angelovich MS, Lengina MA, Belousov SYu. Clinical case of angiosarcoma of ethmoidal labyrinth and frontal sinus, issues of morphological verification of diagnosis. Vestnik Oto-RinoLaringologii. 2022;87(4):102–106. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.17116/otorino202287041102.

9. Piskunov GZ. Clinical phenotypes of polypous rhinosinusitis. Russian Rhinology. 2019;27(4):224–231. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.17116/rosrino201927041224.

10. Lopatin AS. Acute rhinosinusitis in EPOS 2020 and updated guidelines of the Russian Rhinologic Society. Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapy. 2022;(S1):30–36. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.46393/27132129_2022_S_30.

11. Korkmazov MYu, Kornova NV, Lengina MA, Smirnov AA, Korkmazov AM, Dubinets ID. Effective antibiotic therapy for community-acquired otorhinolaryngological respiratory infection (clinical description). Meditsinskiy Sovet. 2022;16(20):73–81. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.21518/2079-701X2022-16-20-73-81.

12. Khisamova AA, Gizinger OA, Kornova NV, Zyryanova KS, Korkmazov AM, Beloshangin AS. Studies of immunological and microbiological efficiency of the therapy of curcumin and methionine in the developed capsules. Russian Journal of Immunology. 2021;24(2):305–310. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.46235/1028-7221-1001-SOI.

13. Korkmazov MYu, Yastremsky AP, Kornova NV, Lengina MA, Korkmazov AM. Therapeutic and diagnostic approaches in the treatment of chronic tonsillitis. Meditsinskiy Sovet. 2022;16(20):90–99. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.21518/2079-701X-2022-16-20-90-99

14. Budkovaya MA, Dvoryanchikov VV, Ryazantsev SV, Maltseva GS. Сhronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps: from Radicalism to Targeting the Mechanisms of Inflammation. Effective Pharmacotherapy. 2021;17(18):22–25. (In Russ.) Available at: https://www.elibrary.ru/elpmxj.

15. Korkmazov MYu, Korkmazov AM, Dubinets ID, Lengina MA, Krivopalov AA. Features of the alterative effect of impulse noise on the auditory analyzer in athletes: Prognosis, correction and prevention. Human. Sport. Medicine. 2021;21(2):189–200. (In Russ.) Available at: https://hsm.susu.ru/hsm/ru/article/view/1406.

16. Korkmazov MYu, Korkmazov AM, Dubinets ID, Smirnov AA, Kornova NV. Influence of non-drug therapy on rehabilitation time and skeet shooting after rhinosurgical interventions. Human. Sport. Medicine. 2020;20(S1):136–144. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.14529/hsm20s117.

17. Shchetinin SA, Korkmazov MY, Gizinger OA, Kochengina SA, Sokol EV. Efficiency of therapy ofchronic recurrent adenoiditisfor the children of resident in city Chelyabinsk on results front active rhinomanometria and cytokine profile of washings of from the surface of oesophageal amygdale. Bulletin of the Chelyabinsk Regional Clinical Hospital. 2015;(3):59–63. (In Russ.) Available at: https://www.elibrary.ru/yjjnhh.

18. Korkmazov MYu, Lengina MA, Korkmazov AM. Biochemical parameters of the nature of oxidative stress depending on the performed postoperative therapy in patients who underwent intra-nasal surgical interventions. Vestnik Oto-Rino-Laringologii. 2016;81(S5):33–35. (In Russ.) Available at: https://www.elibrary.ru/ylvebm.

19. Gizinger ОA, Korkmazov MYu, Shchetinin SA. The specific aspects of anamnesis of children with chronic adenoiditis. Rossiiskaya Otorinolaringologiya. 2017;(3):24–29. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.18692/1810-4800-2017-3-24-29

20. Zyryanova KS, Dubinets ID, Korkmazov MY, Solodovnik A. Differentiated approach to the treatment of exudative otitis media with application mucoregulatory therapy in childhood. Rossiiskaya Otorinolaringologiya. 2014;(2):31–34. (In Russ.) Available at: https://elibrary.ru/ryyujp.

21. Korkmazov MYu, Lengina MA, Dubinets ID, Kravchenko AYu, Klepikov SV. Some immunological aspects of targeted therapy in polypous rhinosinusitis. Russian Journal of Immunology. 2023;26(3):301–306. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.46235/1028-7221-8955-SIA.

22. Krivopalov AA. Rhinosinusitis: classification, epidemiology, etiology and treatment. Meditsinskiy Sovet. 2016;(6):22–25. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.21518/2079-701X-2016-6-22-25.

23. Luke L, Lee L, Gokani SA, Boak D, Boardman J, Philpott C. Understanding the Impact of Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyposis on Smell and Taste: An International Patient Experience Survey. J Clin Med. 2023;12(16):5367. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12165367.

24. Korkmazov MYu. Chronic tonsillitis and analysis of physical methods of exposure. Vestnik Oto-Rino-Laringologii. 2006;(S5):299–300. (In Russ.) Available at: https://www.elibrary.ru/sicbel.

25. Chen S, Golam S, Myers J, Bly C, Smolen H, Xu X. Systematic literature review of the clinical, humanistic, and economic burden associated with asthma uncontrolled by GINA Steps 4 or 5 treatment. Curr Med Res Opin. 2018;34(12):2075–2088. https://doi.org/10.1080/03007995.2018.1505352.

26. Korkmazov MYu, Dubinets ID, Lengina MA, Korkmazov A M, Kornova NV, Ryabenko YuI. Distinct indexes of immunological reactivity in surgical alteration of ORL organs. Russian Journal of Immunology. 2022;25(2):201–206. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.46235/1028-7221-1121-DIO.

27. Dharmage SC, Perret JL, Custovic A. Epidemiology of Asthma in Children and Adults. Front Pediatr. 2019;7:246. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2019.00246.

28. Klima A, Bürkle H, May A, Braun W. The viral and allergic origin of nasal polyposis. Laryngorhinootologie. 1993;72(3):131–135. (In German) https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-997870.

29. Khan A, Vandeplas G, Huynh TMT, Joish VN, Mannent L, Tomassen P et al. The Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GALEN rhinosinusitis cohort: a large European cross-sectional study of chronic rhinosinusitis patients with and without nasal polyps. Rhinology. 2019;57(1):32–42. https://doi.org/10.4193/Rhin17.255.

30. Khan A, Huynh TMT, Vandeplas G, Joish VN, Mannent LP, Tomassen P et al. The GALEN rhinosinusitis cohort: chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps affects health-related quality of life. Rhinology. 2019;57(5):343–351. https://doi.org/10.4193/Rhin19.158.

31. Kryukov AI, Gurov AV, Fomina DS, Tovmasyan АS, Rabadanov GK. Modern view on the problem of therapy of recurrent polyposis rhinosinusitis, comparative study of the effectiveness of different monoclonal antibody preparations. Meditsinskiy Sovet. 2024;18(23):80–86. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.21518/ms2024-510.

32. Nosulya EV, Kim IA, Afanasyeva NV, Symbaeva OV. Polypous sinusitis prevalence among urban population of Eastern Siberia. Russian Rhinology. 2007;(1):4–8. (In Russ.) Available at: https://elibrary.ru/hzqvaz.

33. Korkmazov AM, Dubinets ID, Lengina MA. Possibilities of topical antioxidant protection of operated cavities in practical otorhinolaryngology. Vestnik Oto-Rino-Laringologii. 2017;82(S5):14–15. (In Russ.) Available at: https://www.elibrary.ru/ylwhjs.

34. Zaitsev VA, Shakhova EG, Pelikh EV. Epidemiology of chronic polypous rhinosinusitis in volgograd region of russia. Rossiiskaya Otorinolaringologiya. 2013;(5):39–43. (In Russ.) Available at: https://www.elibrary.ru/rthxwl.

35. Korkmazov AM, Korkmazov MYu. Methods of correction of the functional infringements of phagocytes and local manifestations of oxidative stress in the multiple shell of the nose region with use of ultrasound cavitation. Russian Journal of Immunology. 2018;12(3):325–328. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.31857/S102872210002404-9.

36. Vladimirova TYu, Blashentsev MK, Kurenkov AV. Spatial assessment of the prevalence of polyposis rhinosinusitis in the Samara region. Bulletin of the Medical Institute “REAVIZ”: Rehabilitation, Doctor, and Health. 2023;13(6):87–91. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.20340/vmi-rvz.2023.6.CLIN.8.

37. Ланцов АА, Рязанцев СВ, Цецарский БЕ, Кошель ВИ. Эпидемиология полипозных риносинуситов. СПб.: РИА-АМИ; 1999. 96 с. Режим доступа: https://www.elibrary.ru/mhialo.

38. Riazantsev SV, Budkovaya MA. Current view of the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Russian Rhinology. 2017;25(1):54–59. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.17116/rosrino201725154-59.

39. Wu D, Bleier BS, Wei Y. Temporary olfactory improvement in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps after treatment. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2018;275(9):2193–2202. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-018-5066-5.

40. Wallace DV. Treatment options for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2021;42(6):450–460. https://doi.org/10.2500/aap.2021.42.210080.

41. Chen S, Zhou A, Emmanuel B, Thomas K, Guiang H. Systematic literature review of the epidemiology and clinical burden of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis. Curr Med Res Opin. 2020;36(11):1897–1911. https://doi.org/10.1080/03007995.2020.1815682.