It's hard to imagine cardiology which would not make use of beta-blockers. The medical arsenal contains a myriad of products which differ from each other by their pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties. The clinical use of beta-blockers - antagonists of catecholamines - is based on their ability to inhibit the chronotropic, inotropic and vasoconstrictor effects of catecholamines.

The article discusses the role of vitamin & mineral supplements in nootropic therapy, treatment of hypovitaminosis, neurological disorders, as well as in maintaining the normal function of human health in high stress.

Rhinosinusitis - one of the most common infections of the upper respiratory tract, affecting one in eight adult patient per year [1]. Despite the relatively low incidence of complicated sinusitis (3%) [2], the introduction into medical practice a wide range of antibacterial drugs, the technical ability to accurately visualize lesions, the levels of morbidity and mortality among these patients remains high - from 5 to 40% [3].

The success of antibiotic therapy depends on the correct choice of antibiotic, timely administration, conditions of the host (patient) and microorganism (bacterial pathogen resistance to a drug), bioavailability and bioequivalence. The latter refers to generic drugs which are very well represented in the domestic pharmacological market.

Tonsillar disease is one of the most common pathologies worldwide. People of all ages are at risk of the disease; however, inflammatory tonsillar diseases in children are especially challenging due to the risk of severe complications. Despite the fact that treatment algorithms for tonsillar disease are described in various global and national guidelines, the adequate choice of antimicrobial agents often causes difficulties for practitioners.

Acute respiratory infections (ARI) constitute a group of acute viral diseases transmitted by droplet route and characterized by catarrh of the upper respiratory tract with symptoms of infectious toxicosis. ARVI is the most common infectious disease group with a wide range of infectious agents.

According to the definition proposed by the global leadership of GINA (Global Initiative for Asthma) in 2014, asthma is a heterogeneous disease, usually characterized by chronic airway inflammation. It is defined by the history of respiratory symptoms such as wheeze, shortness of breath, chest tightness and cough that vary over time and in intensity, together with variable expiratory airflow limitation. [1]

The literature review describes a new theory of the chronic cough pathogenesis. In recent years, the specific cough receptors were discovered; changes in their sensitivity were found to be the key factor chronic cough. The obtained findings helped to formulate the pathogenetic concept of chronic cough as an independent disease. Gender and age differences in the prevalence of chronic cough and cough receptor sensitivity are demonstrated.

This article is devoted to physiology and function of normal intestinal microflora; etiology, pathogenesis, clinical symptoms and approaches to treatment of intestinal dysbiosis.

Summary: Under the conditions of overall antibiotic resistance of microorganisms, the search for new ways of fighting pathogens of infectious and inflammatory diseases becomes vital. Currently, therapeutic bacteriophages are extremely promising. The article offers a review of research on the use of bacteriophages in the treatment of infections in obstetric, gynecological and urological practice. The accumulated clinical experience demonstrates high efficacy and safety of therapeutic and prophylactic preparations based on bacteriophages. Moreover, the key causative agents of urogenital infections remain highly sensitive to phages thus providing great opportunities and prospects for phage therapy in infectious and inflammatory uro-gynaecological diseases.

Currently, there are many effective methods of drug-based treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED). The choice of treatment is determined by its invasiveness. In case of poor effectiveness, a less invasive technique is replaced by a more invasive one. Thus, most clinicians start treatment with oral phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE-5), and if the treatment fails, other oral drugs are prescribed, as well as intracavernous injections or vacuum erectile device. Combination treatment is also possible. If the techniques fail, the patient may be assigned for a surgical procedure.

The article presents results of examination of 75 patients with typical and erosive-ulcerative lichen planus in patients aged 45--64 years, including 28 women and 22 men. The control group consisted of 25 apparently healthy individuals aged 20-25 years. The research was carried out by evaluating the dynamic electrochemical potential in patients with typical and erosive-ulcerative lichen planus. Results obtained after recording the dynamic electrochemical potential, along with the laboratory test results, allowed to confirm the diagnosis for the oral mucosa and evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment.

Oral health is an essential part of the overall health of patients. Oral care has a significant impact on the well-being as well as self-esteem of a person. Mouth is a "gateway" to the body, and changes in oral organs and tissues may be the first signal of the overall health problems.

The questions of phased management of metabolic disorders in patients with type 2 diabetes with obesity are considered. The advantages of various triple therapy regimens depending on the objectives and key pathogenic defects are demonstrated. Results of a clinical trial substantiating different treatment options are provided. The benefits of triple therapy consisting of metformin, glyburide (micronized), exenatide are evaluated.

High risk of cardiovascular complications in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global health problem. Preventing the onset and progression of the pathology in diabetes should be primarily considered in terms of its maximum compensation, where the leading role belongs to patient education and adequate self-monitoring of blood glucose.

Statins are the basis pharmacotherapy in the treatment of atherogenic dyslipidemia in diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2. [1, 3] For dyslipidemia with high triglyceride (TG) level and low concentrations of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) fibrates are traditionally used. [2, 4] Russia has limited experience with statins, fenofibrate and combination of these drugs in patients with diabetes type 2.

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is one of the most common infectious pathologies in women of childbearing age. Bacterial vaginosis is a condition in which the normal vaginal flora represented mostly by lactobacilli is invaded by anaerobic and other opportunistic flora. There is a relationship between dysbacteriosis and complications such as rupture of membranes, premature delivery, infection of the chorion, amnion, amniotic fluid, and intrauterine fetal death. This suggests the need for screening for bacterial vaginosis and its treatment before pregnancy.

Attitude to abortion on the part of the state and society changed depending on the economic and social conditions of life, number of population, customs and religious beliefs. Framework legislation of the Russian Federation on health protection of citizens (art. 36) states that every woman has the right to decide the question of motherhood by herself. This provision is aimed primarily at protecting the health of woman and help her find a way out of a difficult life situation.

Correction of magnesium deficiency is an essential component of prevention of many chronic conditions. The highest efficiency of magnesium absorption in the body is ensured by salts, which: 1) are characterized by high solubility and low toxicity, 2) are taken with a sufficient amount of water, 3) do not react with substances that prevent absorption of Mg 2+ ions, 4) comprise an anion stimulating intracellular absorption of Mg 2+. Soluble organic magnesium salts (primarily, citrates) meet all the requirements. The article presents a systematic review of the global literature on medical use of magnesium citrate-based drugs (for alcoholic encephalopathy, vascular disease, hypomagnesemia, urolithiasis, etc.).

The article tells about a study of the possibilities of electrical impedance tomography as a method of diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and monitoring treatment effectiveness in 142 women.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of smoking cessation in patients receiving varenicline and undergoing cognitive behavioral therapy in the form of telephone counselling at a time convenient and relevant for the patient. 100 cases of varenicline administration were studied in patients who received additional monthly telephone counselling during smoking cessation. 2 groups of subjects were identified: people who successfully refused from smoking and did not smoke for 6 or more months (group 1); smokers who did not manage to give up smoking (group 2). Results and discussion. Administration of varenicline in combination with cognitive-behavioral therapy in the first month of smoking cessation resulted in successful cessation without marked withdrawal symptoms in 82% of cases. Long term 6-month abstinence was observed in 57% of cases. The findings allow to recommend doctors to refer patients receiving treatment for tobacco dependence to the Advisory smoking cessation call center for telephone-based cognitive-behavioral counselling.

Advancements in fluoroquinolones (FQ) resulted in the development of the so-called respiratory quinolones which are different from their predecessors in having a stronger clinically significant effect against gram-positive pathogens of relevant human infections. Broad antibacterial spectrum, resistance to certain factors of pathogen resistance and absence of cross-resistance formation, along with their unique pharmacokinetic characteristics, made respiratory FQ the drug of choice for quite a wide range of diseases, including in outpatient clinical practice. The review presents the results of epidemiological observations and qualitative clinical trials demonstrating the efficacy of levofloxacin in the treatment of respiratory tract infections (RTI), urinary tract infection (UTI), infections of skin and soft tissues (ISST).

In recent years, dry eye syndrome has attracted an increasing attention from ophthalmologists all over the world. This is largely due to the prevalence of the disease: the average number of people suffering from the disease is 14--15% of the adult population of the developed countries and up to 45% of patients first visiting ophthalmologist [2]. The other reason is severity of the clinical course and outcomes of some clinical types of the dry eye syndrome.

For many years, surgery has remained the primary treatment for patients with chronic diseases of the veins of the lower extremities. However, a major injury as a result of surgery, frequent complications, hospitalization and long-term disability of patients are inevitable features of phlebectomy. The sclerotherapy method doesn't have these disadvantages. The review aims to analyze possible complications of sclerotherapy of the veins of the lower extremities.