Влияние низкоуглеводной vs средиземноморской диеты на факторы роста у женщин с синдромом поликистозных яичников: данные рандомизированного исследования

Введение. Синдром поликистозных яичников (СПЯ) сопровождается нарушениями ангиогенеза и овариального фиброза, однако, влияние различных типов диет на циркулирующие факторы роста изучено недостаточно. Основное рандомизированное исследование продемонстрировало сопоставимое влияние низкоуглеводной и средиземноморской диеты на первичные метаболические исходы у женщин с СПЯ.

Цель. Представить заранее запланированный вторичный анализ рандомизированного исследования и сравнить влияние низкоуглеводной и средиземноморской диеты на уровни факторов роста, а также на липидный профиль и овуляторную функцию у женщин с СПЯ.

Материалы и методы. Рандомизированы 87 пациенток с СПЯ в 2 группы в зависимости от рекомендуемой диеты: низкоуглеводная диета (n = 44) и средиземноморская диета (n = 43). Протокол исследования зарегистрирован на clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05272657). Образцы сыворотки крови натощак собирались исходно и после 3 мес. соблюдения диеты. В настоящей работе проводится вторичный анализ динамики антропометрических показателей, липидного профиля, овуляторной функции и уровней факторов роста (EGF, FGF2, FLT3L, PDGF AA, PDGF AB/BB, VEGF-α).

Результаты. В обеих группах снижение массы тела было сопоставимым. Средиземноморская диета значимо лучше снижала общий холестерин и ЛПНП, а также чаще восстанавливала овуляцию. В подгруппе анализа средиземноморская диета снижала уровни FLT3L, FGF2, PDGF-AA и PDGF-AB/BB, тогда как низкоуглеводная диета повышала их. Часть различий сохраняла значимость после коррекции на множественные сравнения.

Заключение. При равной потере веса средиземноморская диета превосходит низкоуглеводную по влиянию на липидный профиль, овуляторную функцию и ключевые факторы ангиогенеза / фиброза у женщин с СПЯ. Результаты указывают на потенциальные патогенетические преимущества средиземноморского питания, требующие подтверждения в более крупных и длительных исследованиях.

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