Clinical manifestations of anaphylaxis in children of different age groups: Retrospective study

Introduction. Anaphylaxis in children is considered as a serious issue due to severe clinical manifestations and potential adverse outcomes.

Aim. Тo analyze clinical features and causes of anaphylaxis in children of different age groups.

Materials and methods. We performed a single-center study. Of 3887 children hospitalized in the department of allergology of Republic Children’s Hospital from January 2022 to August 2024, 68 children aged 6 months to 18 years who met the criteria for diagnosis of anaphylaxis were included to the study. Clinical findings and allergy testing results of different age groups were evaluated.

Results. In our study, 94.1% of children with anaphylaxis were diagnosed with allergic diseases. Seventy-five percent of those had concomitant allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis. Most patients were male (60.3%). Involvement of skin/ mucosal tissue (94.1%) and respiratory system (86.8%) was predominant anaphylaxis symptom. The spectrum of clinical manifestations expanded as the child’s age increased. Recurrent episodes of anaphylaxis were observed in 26.5% of children. Cow’s milk (27.9%) and tree nuts (23.5%) were leading causes of anaphylaxis among food allergens (79.4%). Drugs were estimated as a probable cause of anaphylaxis in 6 cases (8.8%), insect venom allergy – in 4 cases (5.9%). According to medical records epinephrine was administered in 2 cases.

Conclusion. Clinical manifestations and triggers of anaphylaxis in children differ in various age groups. Due to the severity and variety of clinical symptoms of anaphylaxis, and the risk of recurrent episodes, the awareness concerning signs of anaphylaxis is essential for healthcare professionals to provide acute management and prophylaxis.

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