The role of diabetes mellitus in the course and complications of pregnancy: A literature review

Introduction. Hyperglycemia is one of the most common pregnancy complications worldwide. The largest proportion of patients are women with gestational diabetes mellitus, followed by pregnant women with previously diagnosed type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Managing such cases is a complex clinical task requiring close cooperation between specialists in various fields.
Aim. To analyze the tactics of managing pregnant women with diabetes mellitus to assess predisposing risk factors.
Materials and methods. The analysis of modern data was carried out with an emphasis on the role of diabetes mellitus in developing complications during pregnancy. The databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and eLibrary were used for the analysis. The search was carried out by keywords: gestational diabetes mellitus, pregnancy complications, metabolic disorders, maternal-fetal outcomes, prevention of diabetes in pregnancy.
Results. The level of metabolic control at the stage of pregnancy planning has a significant impact on its course and outcome in women with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Pre-pregnancy training and professional support of qualified specialists play a key role, often surpassing мнеthe use of modern technologies such as insulin pumps and continuous glucose monitoring systems.
Conclusion. Despite the existing methods of prevention and treatment, there remains a need for further study of individualized approaches to the management of pregnant women with metabolic disorders.

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