Levels of central sensitization, anxiety, and depression in patients after ischemic stroke in the early recovery period
R. G. Esin,
R. R. Zamaletdinov,
A. F. Fatykhova,
R. G. Gamirova,
E. A. Gorobets,
M. V. Mardugalyamova https://doi.org/10.21518/ms2025-512
Abstract
Introduction. Post-stroke anxiety, depression, and pain are relevant to medical practice, since they represent a significant obstacle to the effective rehabilitation of patients. Information related to post-stroke anxiety and depression is analyzed in the literature, data on the level of central sensitization (CS) which also indicates the presence of comorbid disorders are insufficient. Furthermore, such studies have not been conducted in samples of native speakers of various languages of the Russian Federation until recently due to the lack of diagnostic tools in these languages.
Aim. To compare the levels of СS, anxiety, and depression in patients after ischemic stroke in the early recovery period, using the same instrument in different languages in comparable samples.
Materials and methods. The authors analyzed the level of CS, anxiety, and depression in 4 groups. Study groups: 1) Russian-speaking patients who had suffered ischemic stroke (30 people, early recovery period); 2) Tatar-speaking patients who had suffered ischemic stroke (30 people, early recovery period). Comparison groups: 1) Russian-speaking informants without neurological deficit (30 people); 2) Tatar-speaking informants without neurological deficit (30 people). The Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI, Russian and Tatar versions) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS, Russian and Tatar versions) were used to assess the level of CSI, depression, and anxiety.
Results. Analysis of CSI data revealed statistically significant differences between the study and comparison groups in the subclinical CS parameter. Among stroke patients, the subclinical variant of CS is less common than in healthy controls; clinically significant variants predominate. Statistically significant differences were found in HADS anxiety subscale and HADS depression subscale for both the Russian-speaking and Tatar-speaking study and comparison groups.
Conclusion. The data were obtained in samples of native speakers of different languages; the results are comparable, which confirms the universality of the diagnostic scales CSI and HADS for use in the diagnosis of anxiety, depression and CS in post-stroke patients.
Keywords
central sensitization,
depression,
anxiety,
ischemic stroke,
Central Sensitization Inventory,
Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale,
Tatar-language questionnaire
Supporting agencies: The study was supported by a grant from the Russian Science Foundation and Tatarstan Аcademy of Sciences, project No. 25-28-20404, https://rscf.ru/project/25-28-20404/
About the Authors
R. G. Esin
Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Radiy G. Esin, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Professor of the Department of Neurology with Courses In Psychiatry, Clinical Psychology and Medical Genetics, Leading Researcher at the Neurocognitive Research Laboratory
18, Kremlyovskaya St., Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, 420008
R. R. Zamaletdinov
Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Radif R. Zamaletdinov, Dr. Sci. (Phil.), Professor, Director of the Institute of Philology and Intercultural Communication, Chief Researcher at the Neurocognitive Research Laboratory
18, Kremlyovskaya St., Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, 420008
A. F. Fatykhova
Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Alisa A. Fatykhova, Engineer at the Neurocognitive Research Laboratory
18, Kremlyovskaya St., Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, 420008
R. G. Gamirova
Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Rimma G. Gamirova, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Neurology with Courses in Psychiatry, Clinical Psychology and Medical Genetics, Leading Researcher at the Neurocognitive Research Laboratory
18, Kremlyovskaya St., Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, 420008
E. A. Gorobets
Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Elena A. Gorobets, Cand. Sci. (Phil.), Associate Professor, Leading Researcher at the Neurocognitive Research Laboratory, Head of the Center for Speech Pathology, Head of the Department of Applied and Experimental Linguistics
18, Kremlyovskaya St., Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, 420008
M. V. Mardugalyamova
Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Mariya V. Mardugalyamova, Postgraduate Student of the Department of Neurology with Courses in Psychiatry, Clinical Psychology and Medical Genetics, Junior Researcher at the Neurocognitive Research Laboratory
18, Kremlyovskaya St., Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, 420008
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For citations:
Esin RG, Zamaletdinov RR, Fatykhova AF, Gamirova RG, Gorobets EA, Mardugalyamova MV. Levels of central sensitization, anxiety, and depression in patients after ischemic stroke in the early recovery period. Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council. 2025;(22):20-27. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.21518/ms2025-512
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