Bacterial sinusitis as an interdisciplinary problem

Viral rhinosinusitis is reported in 6–7% of children with acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI), of which 5–10% develop into bacterial rhinosinusitis. The problem of RS is often perceived as trivial. However, given the frequency of ARVI in the population, the likelihood of viral RS transforming into bacterial rhinosinusitis, the need for differential diagnosis with conditions in which RS is secondary (allergies, immune deficiencies, incomplete ciliary syndrome, and many others), and local and systemic complications, constant physician attention and a commitment to early detection of RS, clarification of its causes and severity, personalized treatment selection, and timely formation of a multidisciplinary team are essential. Bacterial rhinosinusitis can be complicated by orbital, intracranial, or bone infections, as well as systemic processes. These infection variants must always be considered, especially if the patient’s condition does not improve with standard symptomatic and/or drug treatment, requiring active antibiotic therapy. This article analyzes and systematizes data from full-text publications from the search engines scholar.google.ru, researchgate.net, MEDLINE, and the scientific electronic libraries PubMed and eLIBRARY.RU on the development and treatment of rhinosinusitis in children and adults. More than 40 articles by leading international and Russian specialists in otolaryngology and pediatrics were analyzed. Data on current understanding of the disease course and treatment options, including the role of antibacterial therapy, were obtained. Given the prevalence of resistant forms of flora, the use of modern broad-spectrum antibacterial agents, such as the third-generation cephalosporin cefixime, is justified. This drug is widely used in outpatient and clinical settings, having proven its efficacy and good tolerability. The use of a dispersible form allows one to avoid injections and increases compliance with treatment both in the child and in his family.

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