Practical issues in detecting and diagnosing TB infection in children and assessment of the degree of risk for developing TB
https://doi.org/10.21518/ms2026-027
Abstract
This article reviewed and systematized data from full-text publications on the development of TB infection in humans found in search engines scholar.google.ru, researchgate.net, MEDLINE, and the scientific electronic library eLIBRARY.RU. A 50-year literature search was conducted using the following keywords: Mycobacterium tuberculosis exposure, latent tuberculosis infection, latent microbiism, tuberculin sensitivity conversion, tuberculosis infection, diagnosis, children. 50 articles published by leading international and Russian specialists in phthisiology and pediatrics were reviewed. Data on current understanding of tuberculosis infection, 7P pediatrics, details of the subject of clinical diagnosis, and conversion of descriptions defining the state of infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis were obtained. Due to absence of precise criteria/biomarkers for incipient tuberculosis, it is necessary to assess a risk for developing tuberculosis in children by specifying it in the clinical diagnosis description. It has been established that modern immunological skin tests (recombinant tuberculosis allergen test (Diaskintest, Russia) and laboratory (TigraTest®TV (Russia)) tests assessing release of interferon gamma by T-lymphocytes (IGRA-tests) in response to exposure to the specific antigen proteins ESAT6 and CFP10 are important criteria for increased risk for developing tuberculosis. To decide on the initiation of prophylactic anti-tuberculosis treatment, it is required to assess the degree of risk for developing TB. The authors proposed a system for assessing the degree of risk for developing TB in children based on risk factors and the results of IGRA-tests. Adding the degree of TB risk to the clinical diagnosis description in TB infection will ensure targeted interventions for target pediatric groups in accordance with the principles of a new trend in clinical and fundamental medicine – developmental pediatrics and health programming.
About the Authors
L. A. Baryshnikova
Postnikov Samara Regional Clinical Tuberculosis Dispensary; Samara State Medical University; Kazan State Medical Academy – a branch of the Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Lada A. Baryshnikova - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Deputy Chief Physician for Medical Affairs, Postnikov Samara Regional Clinical Tuberculosis Dispensary; Associate Professor of the Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Professional Education, Samara State Medical University; Associate Professor of the Department of Phthisiology and Pulmonology, Kazan State Medical Academy – a branch of the Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education.
154, Novo-Sadovaya St., Samara, 443068; 89, Chapaevskaya St., Samara, 443099; 11, Mushtari St., Kazan, 420012
D. A. Kudlay
Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University); Lomonosov Moscow State University; National Research Center – Institute of Immunology
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Dmitry A. Kudlay - Corr. Member RAS, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor of the Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University); Professor of the Department of Pharmacognosy and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University; Leading Researcher of the Laboratory of Personalized Medicine and Molecular Immunology No. 71, National Research Center – Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia.
8, Bldg. 2, Trubetskaya St., Moscow, 119991; 1, Lenin Hills, Moscow, 119991; 24, Kashirskoye Shosse, Moscow, 115478
N. P. Doktorova
National Medical Research Center for Phthisiopulmonology and Infectious Diseases
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Natalia P. Doktorova - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Researcher of the Scientific Department of Differential Diagnosis and Treatment of Tuberculosis and Comorbid Infections, National Medical Research Center for Phthisiopulmonology and Infectious Diseases.
4, Bldg. 2, Dostoevsky St., Moscow, 127473
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Baryshnikova LA, Kudlay DA, Doktorova NP. Practical issues in detecting and diagnosing TB infection in children and assessment of the degree of risk for developing TB. Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council. 2026;(1):167-174. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.21518/ms2026-027
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