Etiopathogenetic mechanisms of action of antiseptics in the treatment of superficial pyoderma

Abstract

This article analyzes current approaches to topical therapy for pyoderma, an infectious skin disease primarily caused by staphylococci and streptococci. This review covers the etiology, epidemiology, risk factors, and some clinical aspects of superficial pyoderma. Pyoderma is an infectious and inflammatory skin disease caused by bacteria. This dermatosis is the most common disease. It should be noted that pyoderma can occur independently or develop secondary to other skin conditions, thereby worsening the underlying condition and contributing to relapses. Recent studies highlight the importance of bacterial biofilms, both mono- and polyspecies, in the development of chronic recurrent pyoderma. Staphylococcus aureus biofilms colonize eccrineducts in the skin and affect keratinocytes, altering their cytokine production, leading to impaired differentiation and apoptosis. These processes disrupt the skin’s barrier function and contribute to the exacerbation of both the underlying disease and the development of bacterial complications. The most common clinical manifestations of pyoderma are impetigo and folliculitis, while deep forms are less common. Treatment includes topical antiseptic and antibacterial agents, and, if necessary, systemic antibiotic therapy. The steady increase in microbial resistance to known antimicrobial drugs determines the need for research to assess the effectiveness and safety of alternative therapies using local antiseptics. The article presents Russian and international studies demonstrating the effectiveness of the antiseptic Miramistin® against Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli and others bacterial, as well as in preventing the formation of mono- and multispecies biofilms. The findings support the use of Miramistin® as a topical antiseptic in dermatological practice, particularly for superficial pyoderma.