Respiratory infections are the most common pathology among all age groups and unfortunately, in today's world, there are objective reasons for a steady increase in the prevalence of respiratory infections (environmental degradation, urbanization, growth of harmful habits, malnutrition, unjustified antibiotic use, etc.). Prevention of respiratory infections remains a challenge for clinical medicine.

Acid-base disorders (ABD) today pose a serious healthcare and social problem. With a profound negative impact on the quality of life of patients, they are potentially dangerous in provoking life-threatening conditions; to different extents, ABD affects 30% of Russians. Alongside lifestyle changes and dietary recommendations, the focus is shifting to adequate therapy of ABD. Certain approaches to the treatment of ABD are being updated, and both positive and negative insights about traditional drugs are accumulated. A balanced approach taking into account all aspects of pathogenic comorbidity will ensure stable remission of ABD and prevent the progression of the disease and its severe complications.

Chronic pancreatitis means a group of diseases of the pancreas of various etiology, predominantly inflammatory. The article tells about the etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of chronic pancreatitis. A classification and the specifics of diagnosis are suggested. The author provides relevant treatment recommendations based on his personal experience. The basic approaches to conservative therapy of chronic pancreatitis are considered, with the focus on the most effective treatment regimens and new options in the treatment of the disease.

Fosinopril with dual clearance can be used in renal failure without dose correction, which may be required in diabetes or elderly patients even with normal creatinine level in blood plasma. Therefore, fosinopril can be indicated as the drug of choice in patients with renal failure and high risk of kidney disease. Fosinopril can be used either as monotherapy or in combination with hydrochlorothiazide, including fixed combinations.

Diabetic macroangiopathy is a general term for atherosclerotic vascular diseases of large- and medium-caliber arteries in diabetes mellitus (DM). Macrovascular complications of diabetes leading to cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the major cause of death in patients with diabetes. CVD are less dependent on hyperglycemia or the rate of glucose lowering than microvascular complications. At the same time, there are big research works confirming this relationship. Diabetic macroangiopathies include coronary heart disease (CHD), cerebrovascular disease (CVD), chronic obliterating peripheral arterial diseases [1].

The article tells about the specifics of vestibular vertigo and clinical manifestations of diseases commonly associated with dizziness. The efficacy, safety and good tolerability of betahistine hydrochloride (Betaserc) in various diseases characterized by vestibular vertigo is demonstrated. The design of the VIRTUOSO observational program to evaluate Betaserc effects in patients with vertigo in routine clinical practice, is described. The authors note that the study results will help to further assess the efficacy and safety of Betaserc and determine in which diseases the drug is most often used in Russia and Ukraine.

Systemic thrombolytic therapy in patients with ischemic stroke is an effective treatment for a certain category of patients during the first 4.5 hours after the symptom onset. However, according to the treatment protocol, administration of any antithrombotic drugs during the first days after thrombolysis is contraindicated. At the same time, 24 hours after thrombolysis the need remains for the intake of antithrombotic agents for the purpose of secondary prophylaxis of stroke. We described our own experience in the use of antiplatalets in patients with ischemic stroke after thrombolytic therapy.

The pathogenesis of pain in diabetic polyneuropathy, mostly with lesions of thin lightly myelinated and unmyelinated peripheral fibers, is considered. The diagnostic algorithm for the clinical form of DN and options for medication and non-medication pain management are discussed. Results of controlled clinical studies evaluating the effectiveness of different groups of drugs against neuropathic pain in diabetic neuropathy are analyzed.

Iron deficiency is a relevant issue in the gestation period. Timely treatment reduces the incidence of obstetric and perinatal complications. The effect of treatment of pregnant women with iron deficiency is determined by the adequacy of patient-based therapy taking into account the clinical variant, stage and severity of the disorder.

Menopausal age is usually the most socially active period for a woman who accumulated a certain life and creative experience which she can share to the benefit of the society. However, the changes affecting the female body during menopausal period have a negative impact on the quality of life. The main factor is sex hormone deficiency leading to a variety of pathological processes. The most common early manifestation of menopausal disorders is climacteric syndrome, which is a combination of symptoms characterized by a set of neuropsychiatric, vegetative-vascular, neuroendocrine disturbances dramatically reducing the quality of life and predicting subsequent health problems, including cardiovascular disease [2]. The incidence of climacteric syndrome (CS) varies from 40 to 80% [13, 19]. The most common symptoms of CS are hot flushes which, as different authors note, occur in 50-85% of women [6, 11, 16] and last for a period from 3 months up to 15 years or even longer [14].

A review of latest medical literature demonstrates an increasing interest in the problem of fungal infections in general and mucosal candidiasis in particular. Mycosis is a group of widespread infections caused by a large number (over 200) of different types of pathogenic and opportunistic fungi [1, 2].

The article tells about the etiology, pathogenetic mechanisms, principles of diagnosis and treatment of late-onset acne in women, and the use of azelaic acid in the management of the disease.

The article tells about periodontal diseases, etiopathogenetic factors for their onset and development, relationship with somatic diseases, and identifies the main ways, methods and types of prevention.

The article tells about the results of analysis of treatment applied to patients with distal tibia fractures (transsyndesmotic malleolar fractures, 44-B type by AO classification, associated with rupture of the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis) and prevention of thromboembolic complications. Studies were carried out comparing conservative and surgical treatment of patients with ankle fractures; the treatment tactics was suggested, medicines used in the prevention of venous thromboembolic complications were compared. The obtained data demonstrates excellent results of surgery in case of no contraindications and high effectiveness of oral drugs for the prevention of thromboembolic complications.

The aim of the study was to develop a clinically feasible method for predicting adherence of HIV patients to antiretroviral therapy based on the study of their personality and psychological characteristics, relationships with others and social status. In the course of the study, clusters of ART adherence were statistically identified and factors which could facilitate identification of patient's reference to a particular cluster of adherence were revealed. The objective of this section is to develop questionnaires to be filled jointly by patient and physician, allowing to identify risk factors for ART nonadherence in patient and to make projections. Conclusion: on the basis of the defined risk factors, it became possible to compile a questionnaire for joint filling by patient and physician, which allows to determine the degree of risk of nonadherence to ART with about 70% of diagnostic accuracy and provide the HIV-infected patient with medical recommendations.