Currently in Russia, acute sinusitis is diagnosed in 10 million people every year [1, 2]. 15 to 36 % of in-patients at ENT units are people suffering from sinusitis [3].

Analysis of the survey data found that, according to the subjective assessment of the quality and effectiveness of specialized ENT care to patients with diseases of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, the majority of respondents are fully satisfied with the assistance provided. It was revealed that they give the highest rating to the qualification of medical staff and the lowest to the organization of medical care.

Acute rhinosinusitis is a disease most frequently encountered not only by otorhinolaryngologists, but also therapists, pediatricians and general practitioners. In Europe, rhinosinusitis occurs in every seventh person annually (ERFOS-2012). In the US, 31 million cases of rhinosinusitis are registered per year (IDSA-2012), while in Russia - more than 10 million cases per year.

Inflammatory pathology of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses is one of the major challenges in otorhinolaryngology today. Among patients hospitalized in ENT units, the incidence of inflammatory diseases of the paranasal sinuses is up to 36%. Modern macrolides (especially clarithromycin and azithromycin) are among the most common antibiotics in outpatient practice. The revival of interest in macrolide antibiotics was conditioned by an increase in their clinical value in infectious pathology of intracellular pathogens where macrolides showed a unique activity.

Acute inflammation of the paranasal sinuses (PNS) is one of the urgent problems in pediatric otolaryngology. Despite the introduction of new methods of diagnosis and treatment, the prevalence of acute sinusitis has not decreased today; just on the opposite, the number of patients tends to increase, particularly among children. The incidence of acute sinusitis in the past ten years has doubled, while the proportion of hospitalized patients grows annually by 1.5-2%. Among patients seeking ENT care at healthcare facilities, those with diseases of PNS constitute the majority and account for 62% [1].

Bacterial lesion in the oropharynx is a pressing issue in otorhinolaryngology. After flu and acute respiratory infections, sore throat and chronic tonsillitis are the most common human diseases, the prevalence of which, as well as a high probability of a number of diseases of the internal organs (heart, blood vessels, kidneys, joints, etc.) which may develop as a complication of acute or chronic inflammation of the tonsils, determine the relevance of tonsillar pathology [3-5].

Despite a slight decrease in the number of elective tonsillectomies in the recent years, tonsillectomy remains one of the most common surgical procedures. One of the major factors that significantly reduces the quality of life of patients after surgery is pain. Pain after tonsillectomy is often the main reason that makes patient seek doctor's aid in the postoperative period [1].

Sore throat is one of the most common reasons to see an ENT specialist or therapist. However, sore throat does not always mean tonsillitis or other inflammatory disease of the oropharynx. The practical value of the assumption, the author hopes, will help doctors to perform a differential diagnosis of the diseases characterized by throat pain. Ultimately, if the diagnosis is correct, there is a chance to provide efficient care.

The interest of otorhinolaryngologists in streptococcal infection has dramatically decreased over the past years. Nevertheless, streptococcal infection plays a significant role in the pathology of the upper respiratory tract, particularly chronic tonsillitis (CT). For a clinical otolaryngologist it is crucial to identify the etiologic pathogen of CT, primarily for the purpose of the adequate antibiotic therapy.

The article tells about the main approaches in the treatment of acute otitis media. The authors describe a differentiated approach to the treatment based on the form, stage and etiology. Particular attention is given to pain relief with ear drops.

The incidence of various diseases of otitis externa and otitis media tends to increase [2]. That is caused by stressful external conditions, extensive, uncontrolled use of local and systemic medications leading to immunological changes in the body, a growing number of allergic patients, and other factors [12].

Acute otitis media (AOM) is one of the most common ENT diseases in children. The reason is high prevalence of acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI), especially among sickly children, which play a key role in the pathogenesis of AOM and account for up to 90% of infectious diseases that affect children [1-3].

Wax plug is a relevant issue in healthcare practice all over the world and is one of the most frequent reasons for seeing an otorhinolaryngology specialist. According to statistics, in this country wax is plugging in 4 million people of working age, 750 thousand elderly people and 860 thousand children [1, 2, 4].

The article describes the characteristic features of circadian rhythms in heart rate under normal and stress conditions as a result of surgical interventions at ENT clinic using various analgesic schemes. The study included 45 physically healthy males aged 25 to 40 years divided into 4 groups depending on the method of perioperative analgesia: metamizole sodium group (n = 10), ketorolac group (n = 10), trimeperidine group (n = 10) and group of patients with anesthetic support (ketamine group, n = 5). A qualitative analysis of circadian profiles of heart rate was conducted. The study found that metamizole sodium and ketorolac groups were more likely to demonstrate changes in the configuration of the circadian HR profile, absence of sustained ventricular tachycardia and mild bradycardia at night. Trimeperidine group tended to tachycardia in the evening and night, though the heart rate profile did not show any marked deviations. In ketamine group, circadian HR rhythms were most positive. Recommendations are provided on the choice of the best method of analgesia in patients with concomitant diseases of the cardiovascular system.

Acute respiratory infections (ARVI) constitute a group of infectious diseases of viral etiology characterized by lesions of the respiratory tract, predominantly its upper parts, and common clinical symptoms. The successes achieved in the field of infectious pathology contributed to the development and improvement of the methods for the prevention and treatment of the disease; however, ARVI remain a serious public health problem in most countries of the world because of extremely high incidence levels, usually occurring as seasonal epidemics.

Persistent (year-round) allergic rhinitis is one of the most pressing global health problems characterized by a steady growth in the number of patients in every country, including Russia. The disease has a dramatic impact on the quality of life, while the economic cost of the fight against allergic rhinitis and its complications is a significant financial burden. Topical corticosteroids are the treatment of choice in patients with persistent allergic rhinitis.