The article tells about the key vital vitamin and mineral ingredients needed to maintain adequate physiological and neuro-psychic development of children. The innovative mineral and vitamin supplement Supradin Kids is characterized and recommended for children to correct existing deficiencies.

Infectious and inflammatory diseases, especially respiratory infections, represent one of the main child health challenges. This is explained by the immaturity of the child immune system which acquires "adult configuration" only at the age of 7-10 years; till that time, children constitute a high risk group for infectious diseases. As a result, impaired elimination of foreign antigens of any origin, increased morbidity and torpidity to therapy are possible.

The article is devoted to current views on the ECG diagnosis in pediatrics. The group of authors considered some of the most characteristic changes in ECG in children.

Acute infectious inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract are the most common reason for seeking pediatrician's aid globally. They account for over 85% of all visits to outpatient clinics and for 50% of all hospital admissions of children under 6 years [1]. By the beginning of the XXI century, more than 200 microorganisms were found to cause acute respiratory infections (ARI); these are encountered by people not once throughout their life, thus helping humans to acquire the specific immunity [2-4]. However, annual epidemics of influenza and other acute respiratory infections are characterized by severity and high mortality [1].

The article tells about challenges faced by children and their parents in the process of teething in infants and ways of alleviation of the child's condition.

Skin care for children in the early period of life remains a challenge till today. Due to the anatomical and physiological characteristics of children, their protective skin function, which serves as a safeguard against stressful external conditions, is significantly reduced. The influence of various damaging factors and incorrect use of care products can lead to skin disorders. The most common skin problems of infants include diaper (contact) dermatitis, the prevalence of which can be up to 50%. The relevance of adequate skin care is undoubtedly the key element of dermatitis prevention.

Recently, doctors of various specialities have been focusing on the problem of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), including its extraesophageal manifestations. GERD can cause recurrent rhinosinusitis, exudative otitis media and pharyngitis which cannot be treated with routine methods. Based on our data, the role of acid-dependent pathology in the pathogenesis of chronic pharyngitis seems undeniable: chronic diseases of the pharynx are found in 58,2% of children suffering from GERD. At the same time, comorbid ENT pathology mainly develops in patients with extraesophageal manifestatoins of GERD, i.e., it is probably conditioned by the penetration of acid refluxate past the common area. This of course should be taken into account when assigning complex treatment which includes not only antireflux but also local elimination and anti-inflammatory therapy.

Bacteria resistant to most or all of the known antibiotics have been causing more serious problems recently, thus increasing the risk of return of the medical community to the times when antibiotics not yet emerged, and incurable infections and epidemics were widespread. Despite the active work of the leading global chemical and pharmaceutical specialists, over the past 30 years synthesis of new classes of antibiotics has dramatically decreased.The emergence of fundamentally new antibacterial agents in the clinical practice.is not going to happen any time soon. Some hope that the new method of complete sequencing of microbial genomes and determining the molecular basis of pathogenicity will open up new ways of treatment of infectious diseases, though greater effort is applied to search for other approaches.

The article introduces the concept of sequential dietetics of acute intestinal infections in children which consists in phasing nutritional support of patients depending on their age, severity and stage of the disease.

The article describes the main causes of acute sore throat and differential diagnosis of acute pain in the throat of various etiologies. The role of viral and bacterial infections in the occurrence of acute sore throat is considered. The main groups of drugs used for the etiotropic, pathogenetic and symptomatic treatment of tonsillitis and pharyngitis are characterized; current approaches to the selection of drugs for the local treatment of the oropharynx diseases are described.

The basics of fever pathogenesis are described. Fever is characterized in terms of its duration, severity and aggressiveness; infectious and non-infectious fevers are specified, as well as their differential diagnosis. Pathogenesis of various types of hyperthermia and their clinical manifestations are highlighted. The article also suggests methods of rational follow-up, diagnosis and symptomatic treatment of children with fever, tells about adequate selection and rational use of antipyretics in pediatric practice.

The Annual Congress of the European Paediatric Neurology Society (EPNS-2013) was held in Brussels this September. Several large meetings were devoted to the pressing issue of epilepsy in children. The key items on the agenda were contemporary drug therapy in various forms of epilepsy, epileptic encephalopathy and cognitive impairments. Press conference "Children's epilepsy: problems of diagnosis and treatment" was held within the framework of the Congress. The presentors were Professor Helen Cross (Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London), Professor Elena Belousova, head of department for psychoneurology and epileptology of the Moscow RI of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery, Ministry of Health of Russia (Moscow); Stefan Ouvin, MD, epileptologist, Robert Debre Children's Hospital (Paris); Luigi Giorgi, MD, executive director of neurotropic drugs unit, Eisai Europe.

The article reviews scientific literature and provides own results of phased application of methylprednisolone aceponate (Advantan, BAYER) and Dardia products in the multimodal treatment of children with atopic dermatitis. The effectiveness and safety of the treatment are demonstrated.

Chronic constipations represent a heterogeneous group of disorders. They may be a manifestation of irritable bowel syndrome, congenital anomalies (Hirschsprung's disease), or they may be functional, further subdivided into normal or slow transit. A specific group of functional constipation patients are those with defecation disorders (pelvic floor dyssynergia). Special test are prescribed to identify the mechanism of constipation in each patient: evaluation of threshold sensitivity, manometry, irrigography, sometimes endoscopy, biopsy and morphological examination. Treatment is differentiated and determined by the mechanism of constipation, while all patients are recommended to adhere to active lifestyle and diet rich in food fiber. Osmotic laxatives belong to the most effective and safe group of medicines; lactitol (Exportale) which also has a prebiotic effect can be used from the first year of life.