Acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) are a group of acute infectious respiratory disorders with different etiology though similar epidemiological, pathogenetic and clinical characteristics. ARVI and influenza treatment remains a relevant issue for the healthcare system of any country. Adequate pharmacotherapy of ARVI helps to quickly jugulate main symptoms and concurrently avoid serious complications. Combination drugs for symptomatic treatment of ARVI and influenza can effectively alleviate the condition of the patient and reduce recovery time.

The article tells about the principles of adequate antibiotic therapy in pulmonology with regard to the prevention of intestinal dysbacteriosis. A new class of antimicrobial drugs - ecoantibiotics - is presented which are characterized by high antimicrobial activity and low risk of pathogenic effects on the normal intestinal microflora.

Infections of the lower respiratory tract are a serious challenge for modern healthcare. Macrolides occupy a special place in the list of antibiotics recommended for the treatment of such conditions, which is not only due to their high safety and efficiency associated with their potent activity against major pathogens; macrolides are also characterized by unique non-antibiotic properties. The review highlights specific use of macrolides today for pneumonia and infectious exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/chronic bronchitis in view of the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties of the drugs.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease may co-occur with asthma, chronic cough or laryngitis while not being their cause; it may also be a factor contributing to the emergence and maintenance of the diseases. Trial therapy with proton pump inhibitors is recommended for the treatment of extraesophageal symptoms in patients with typical gastroesophageal reflux disease. The effect of treatment with proton pump inhibitors is not reduced in patients taking clopidogrel, while the risk of cardiovascular complications in such patients does not increase.

The article tells about the relevance of the colon diseases, differential diagnosis of functional and organic intestinal pathologies and diagnostic algorithms. At the present stage of new technology development and progress in many fields of medicine, there is a tendency towards an increase in the number of diseases of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, including colon pathologies. There are many reasons, despite active propaganda in the media and public education aimed at promotion of a healthy lifestyle: sedentary, inactive lifestyle; eating habits of the modern man; impact of environmental changes, etc. Colitis of various origin, diverticular disease, hemorrhoids, proctitis and other pathologies are quite widespread among the population; these remain serious challenges for many professionals - physicians, gastroenterologists, surgeons, infectious disease doctors, etc. Clinical practitioners have to deal with colon pathologies, as well as with functional bowel disorders, almost daily.

Till today coronary heart disease (CHD) remains the leading cause of death in the world. Acute forms of CHD, collectively known as acute coronary syndrome (ACS), have a common pathogenesis and similar approaches to diagnosis and treatment. ACS treatment strategy is largely defined during the initial patient contact with medical staff; in this context the importance of pre-hospital stage can hardly be overestimated. Maximal standardization of approaches to the treatment of ACS in the pre-hospital phase allows for better clinical outcomes and reduced morbidity and mortality.

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a combination of hormonal, metabolic and clinical disorders, and one of the most studied subjects in the modern medicine. Today MS is considered to be a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, disorders of carbohydrate metabolism and pathology of the reproductive system [6, 41].

The article discusses the problem of treatment of cerebrovascular diseases (CVD). There are definitions of CVD, chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI) and dyscirculatory encephalopathy (DE). The place of DE in the ICD-10, its diagnostic criteria, clinical pattern and stages are highlighted. The importance of evaluation of cognitive functions, prevention and correction are emphasized. Treatment of cognitive disorders in DE should be aimed primarily at the prevention of further damage of brain vessels and brain substance, improvement and long-term stabilization of cognitive functions. It is essential to prescribe neurometabolic and neuroprotective drugs; the importance of thrombolytic therapy in the treatment of chronic dyscirculatory encephalopathy and stroke prevention, as well as in the correction of asthenic conditions and manifestations of insomnia, is stressed.

In the structure of the Russian occupational morbidity, occupational hearing loss accounts for 9-12% and holds the third place after lesions of the nervous and musculoskeletal system, and occupational dust-induced pathology. Noise industries are mining, wood, metal and stone processing, textile manufacturing, machine and aircraft engineering, shipbuilding, etc. Occupational origin of the disease is determined by the exclusion of infectious, vascular, rheologic and age nature of the pathology, Paget's disease and other causes. Treatment of occupational perceptive hearing loss should, on the one hand, be patient-specific (with regard to the form, stage, severity, complications and comorbidities), while on the other it should be multimodal (etiologic, pathogenetic and symptomatic).

Over the past 30 years or maybe more, diabetes treatment is impossible without control or, better said, self-monitoring of blood glucose levels. No other chronic disease requires as much participation of the patient as diabetes.

Iron deficiency is still one of the most common nutritional deficiencies globally, while iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most common form of anemia. Major risk groups of iron deficiency include women of childbearing age, pregnant women and nursing mothers.

Over the recent decades researchers have been concerned about magnesium deficiency in the population. There is an increase in the frequency of detection of magnesium deficiency in the studied population, and there is evidence of deficiency relationship with a wide range of diseases and pathological conditions associated with endothelial and apoptosis dysfunction, metabolic and hypertensive syndromes, connective tissue disorders and immune problems [1-6].