The article tells about a contemporary approach to the treatment of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). There are findings related to the effectiveness of the glutamate NMDA receptor antagonist memantine in AD, its effect on cognitive deficit, behavioral symptoms and daily activities of patients.

Sleep disorders are among the most common disorders in neurological diseases; they are associated with reduced quality of life, worsening of the disease course and premature death. In patients with stroke such problems as insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea, sleep-wake disorder and sleep movement disorders are not only potential risk factors in general but also aggravating factors. Treatment of insomnia disorders in stroke patients has a favourable impact on the quality of life and reduces the risk of recurrent events in obstructive sleep apnea.

The article discusses the causes, clinical manifestations and current approaches to diagnosis and treatment of patients suffering from chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). There are results of studies demonstrating the positive effect of multivitamin complexes on cognitive and other neurological function in patients with CFS.

The relevance of search for early markers of kidney damage is explained by the high incidence of urinary system diseases of various etiology in the structure of physical pathology of pregnant women and the proportion of complications, disability and mortality of mothers and their offspring. Despite a variety of articles on ultrasound diagnosis of kidney disease, there are no specific biometric criteria for kidney states in pregnant women with or without physical pathology; neither there is data on kidney remodeling during gestation in women with obesity. [1-4].

Erectile dysfunction (ED) means inability to achieve and maintain an erection long enough to engage in sexual intercourse [1, 2]. Erectile dysfunction is an obvious cause of a decline in the overall quality of life [9]. For the implementation of erectile function in the body responsible psychological, neurovascular and endocrine factors. [1, 2] Sexual arousal causes release of relaxing neurotransmitters from nerve endings and endothelial cells of the penis resulting in the relaxation of smooth muscles of arteries and arterioles, which inevitably leads to filling with blood and expansion of corpora cavernosa. [2, 11] During erection subtunicular plexus between the trabeculae and the tunica albuginea become compressed, resulting in almost total occlusion of venous outflow. [9] During the full-erection phase, when penis is at 90 degrees perpendicular to the abdomen, intracavernous pressure reaches 90-100 mm Hg, while the blood volume in the erect penis may exceed that in the soft penis by 8 times [10, 11].

Flu and ARVI are among the most dangerous infectious diseases recorded in Russia, both in terms of the financial burden and the damage they cause to the health of the population. In outpatient therapeutic practice, incidence of visits related to acute respiratory viral infections is about 6% of all visits, while during the epidemic it increases 8-10 times. Timely diagnosis and adequate therapy could prevent the progression of the disease and its complications.

Stroke is one of the most serious cardiovascular events with severe consequences, up to paralysis and death. Patients at high risk of stroke include those with atrial fibrillation; in such patients prevention of stroke is particularly relevant. The article discusses the main issues of efficacy and safety of apixaban for the prevention of stroke in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation.

Information about retraction of an article

Analysis conducted by the members of the editorial board has revealed the presence of direct borrowing without reference to the source of citations in the following articles:

The article by Evdokimova A.G., Yunko S.A., Gunchikov M.V. Arterial hypertension and sensorineural hearing loss: immediacy of the problem and treatment characteristics (focus on olmesartan) and the article by Baryshnikova G.A., Chorbinskaya S.A., Stepanova I.I The role of sartans in the treatment of hypertension: focus on olmesartan // Consilium Medicum – 2012 - No. 10 – p. 10-15.

Based on the decision of the Editorial Board of the journal Medical Council dated January 17, 2020, the following article has been retracted:

Evdokimova A.G., Yunko S.A., Gunchikov M.V. Hypertension and sensorineural hearing loss: relevance of the problem and the specifics of treatment (focus on Olmesartan)// Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council – 2015 - No.2 – p. 46-51.

Arterial hypertension (AH) is the most relevant risk factor for cardiovascular complications requiring adequate organ-protective treatment. In 17--19% of cases hypertension is combined with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). The article tells about antihypertensive therapy in patients with SNHL and mechanisms of its pathogenesis. A clinical case of long-term successful administration of olmesartan in a patient with AH and SNHL is described.

Among cardiovascular diseases (CVD), coronary artery disease (CAD) and its complications remain a major cause of death and disability. In Russia, mortality from diseases of the circulatory system account for 56.5% of overall mortality, with about half of cases accounting for CAD [1]. Till now nitrates have been widely used in cardiology though their feasibility and safety are still matters of debate. Stable angina, the basic therapy of which includes nitrates, is the most common clinical form of coronary artery disease.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a relevant problem today. The extremely high prevalence, progressive course, multiple severe, sometimes disabling, complications, premature mortality, heavy financial burden - this is an incomplete list of the socio-economic aspects of the disease. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are invariably the most common complications in DM patients.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) has reached menacing proportions in its prevalence and impact on the health of the population today. Cardiovascular complications are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with DM. The incidence of cardiovascular disease in patients with DM is 10 times higher than in the general population [1].

The global number of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) has been growing steadily. Over the past decade, the number has more than doubled and reached 371 million people by 2013. [1] In most cases it is type 2 diabetes. The dangerous consequences of DM include micro- and macrovascular complications: nephropathy, retinopathy, lesions of the major blood vessels in the heart, brain and lower limbs. Late complications of DM are a major cause of disability and mortality of the patients.

The metabolic syndrome (MS) is a complex of metabolic, hormonal and clinical disorders based on insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia. [1] The relevance of the problem in the present-day healthcare is conditioned, on the one hand, by its high incidence among the general population (20--40%); on the other hand, its significantly adverse effect on the degree of cardiovascular risk and mortality. [2, 3] Isolation of MS is of great practical importance: on the one hand, is a reversible condition, i.e. appropriate treatment can help achieve disappearance or reduction of the severity of its basic manifestations; on the other hand, it is a prerequisite for such diseases as diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2 and atherosclerosis, which are currently the main causes of early disability and high mortality. Thus, the relevance of introducing into clinical practice of methods for early diagnosis of nutritional disorders in patients with MS causes no doubts.

Dyscirculatory encephalopathy (DEP) is one of the most common diagnoses in the Russian neurological practice. Patients with chronic daily headache (CDH) are often followed up for the erroneous diagnosis of DEP and do not receive any effective treatment for CDH. The article presents results of the authors' follow up of 45 patients (6 men and 39 women) with CDH aged from 23 to 78 years (mean age 47,67 ± 12,05); factors contributing to inefficient treatment in the past are evaluated. Differential diagnosis of CDH and DEP is discussed. A clinical example demonstrates effective treatment of a patient suffering from CDH with cognitive-behavioral therapy and standard pharmacotherapy.

The relationship between inflammatory markers in the oral fluid of patients with chronic generalized periodontitis and the main clinical manifestations of the disease is demonstrated. An enzyme immunoassay for the detection of MMP-8, MMP-9, MMP-2, IL-1β, TNF-α was carried out. The results validly demonstrated the informative value of biochemical indicators MMP-2, MMP-8, MMP-9 for dianosing periodontitis.

Proceedings of the XXXVI final young researchers' conference of the Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry named after A.I. Evdokimov, Russia's Ministry of Health