Oral cavity dysbiosis and metabolic disorders in type 2 diabetes
https://doi.org/10.21518/ms2026-047
Abstract
Introduction. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic endocrine disorder characterized by metabolic disturbances, the etiology and pathogenesis of which have not been fully identified. Recent scientific studies demonstrate a strong association between the oral microbiome (OM) and T2DM. The OM with its extensive species diversity and metabolic profile, contributes to the onset and progression of not only local oral diseases but also systemic metabolic pathologies, including cardiovascular diseases, obesity, T2DM, and related conditions.
Aim. To analyze the contribution of OM, its metabolites, and host genetic factors to the development of T2DM.
Materials and methods. A systematic review of articles and original studies from PubMed, MEDLINE, and eLIBRARY databases for the period 2005–2024 was conducted. Inclusion criteria encompassed full-text peer-reviewed publications in Russian and English containing data on the microbial composition of the oral cavity in T2DM, microbial metabolome, and host genomic variations. Excluded were conference abstracts and materials unrelated to OM in T2DM. The search utilized combinations of keywords: “type 2 diabetes mellitus”, “oral microbiota”, “metagenomic/metabolomic shifts”, “prognostic biomarkers”. The initial search yielded 460 sources. After removing duplicates, applying filters, and assessing relevance, 68 sources remained for in-depth analysis (5 for the introduction, 63 for the discussion).
Conclusion. The reviewed data provide a foundation for innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in primary and secondary prevention of T2DM complications. Metabolomic and metagenomic approaches establish correlations between OM and T2DM onset, enable risk prediction, and facilitate the development of early intervention tools, which is critical for complication prevention.
About the Authors
R. A. Isaeva
Kazan State Medical University; Kazan Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Regina A. Isaeva, Resident Physician at the Department of Endocrinology; Junior Researcher at the Microbiology Laboratory
49, Butlerov St., Kazan, 420012;
67, Bolshaya Krasnaya St., Kazan, 420015
F. V. Valeeva
Kazan State Medical University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Farida V. Valeeva, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Endocrinology
49, Butlerov St., Kazan, 420012
G. Sh. Isaeva
Kazan State Medical University; Kazan Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Guzel Sh. Isaeva, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Department of Microbiology named after Academician V.M. Aristovsky; Deputy Director for Innovation Development
49, Butlerov St., Kazan, 420012;
67, Bolshaya Krasnaya St., Kazan, 420015
A. M. Zatevalov
Moscow Scientific Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after G.N. Gabrichevsky
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Alexander M. Zatevalov, Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Deputy Director
10, Admiral Makarov St., Moscow, 125212
V. N. Tsarev
Russian University of Medicine
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Viktor N. Tsarev, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Microbiology, Virology, and Immunology
4, Dolgorukovskaya St., Moscow, 127006
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Isaeva RA, Valeeva FV, Isaeva GS, Zatevalov AM, Tsarev VN. Oral cavity dysbiosis and metabolic disorders in type 2 diabetes. Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council. 2026;(7):40-49. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.21518/ms2026-047
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