Genetic polymorphism of post-COVID syndrome in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

The long-term consequences of COVID-19 remain poorly understood. All authors agree on one thing: single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have the potential to become a valuable tool for predicting long-term clinical outcome in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Thus, the ACE2 rs2106809 SNP has been shown to be a functional marker of brain changes, and its potential involvement in long-term COVID-19 requires further study. Recent studies have linked the FOXP4 gene to the severity of COVID-19 and the risk of long-term COVID-19. SNP rs9367106 is likely associated with the development of long-term symptomatic abnormalities in the lungs and brain observed after recovery from COVID-19. Olfactory and gustatory impairment has been identified as a pathognomonic feature not only of acute COVID-19 but also of post-COVID chronic fatigue syndrome, and is determined by the leading single nucleotide polymorphism rs10893121. Also, CC genotypes of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene were statistically more common in chronic COVID-19. It can be assumed that some variants of nucleotide sequences involved in the genesis of diabetes and its complications, in the formation of patient comorbidity, and in the development of COVID, may potentially participate in the formation of PCS in patients with diabetes. We have demonstrated an association with post-COVID syndrome of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the following genes: FABP2, NOS3, COMT, and PAI-1. Subsequently, phenotypes of post-COVID syndrome will be developed in patients with type 2 diabetes, taking into account genetic determinants. A prognosis for the post-COVID period in this category of patients will be determined. Consequently, personalized treatment for patients will be developed, taking into account the combination of pathological alleles of pleiotropic genes.

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