Innovations in the dispensary examination of minors: Effective examination of children for hypercholesterolemia without misconceptions, shortcomings and omissions

The publication discusses the most controversial issues related to the implementation of the new Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation dated April 14, 2025 No. 211n “On approval of the procedure for minors to undergo preventive medical examinations, registration form No. 030-PO/u ‘Card of preventive medical examination of a minor’, the procedure for its maintaining, as well as the form of industry statistical observation No. 030-PO/o ‘Information on preventive medical examinations of minors’, the procedure for filling it out”. The debate in the pediatric community on the details of examining children aged 6 and 10 years, who need to be tested for hypercholesterolemia during preventive examinations, is justified and determines the need to exchange opinions in order to make unified agreed decisions on patient selection, evaluation of results, as well as subsequent strategies for routing and implementing effective preventive measures. The article presents information on modern terminology for lipid metabolism disorders, considers the principles of forming risk groups for hypercholesterolemia, identifies standard lipid profile indicators, indicates the causes of elevated cholesterol and the necessary additional studies for clarifying diagnostics with positive screening results, and provides basic recommendations for outpatient monitoring of minors with hypercholesterolemia. Emphasis is placed on the special importance of collecting a family history, which is clarified during the newborn’s first visit and compiled into a family tree. This helps identify factors associated with a negative family history and the risk of developing socially significant chronic diseases in immediate family members, making it possible to identify significant pathologies that may significantly impact the child’s future development from the first days of life.

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