Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is characterized by persistent progressive airflow limitation, and is associated with a chronic inflammatory response of the lungs to noxious particles or gases [1]. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is one of the most common diseases globally, being the fourth leading cause of death. Another important thing about COPD is that it is progressive and debilitating [2, 3].

The article tells about the current understanding of severe asthma, approaches to verification, identified phenotypes and endotypes of severe asthma. Available options for the treatment of this form of the disease, as well as the most thoroughly studied methods for severe asthma therapy in the future, are discussed.

Destructive processes in the lungs in older children and adolescents account for 30-50% of all clinical forms of pulmonary tuberculosis [1, 9, 11]. The causes of destructive pulmonary tuberculosis are primarily late diagnosis and delayed initiation of therapy [6, 7].

The author discusses the relevance of functional dyspepsia, current views, main etiopathogenic aspects, algorithms for diagnosis and therapy targeted at motility disorders of the upper gastrointestinal tract as the key mechanism for the development of functional dyspepsia.

Cholecystectomy is one of the most common surgical procedures done in Russia and worldwide. Complaints of pain and dyspepsia occur at least in half of patients who underwent the surgery. Postcholecystectomy syndrome (PCS) is a polyetiological syndrome with functional or organic causes. About half of pain and dyspepsia after cholecystectomy are associated with organic disease (distal common bile duct stricture, pancreatic and gastric cancer, acute pancreatitis, etc). Other cases are explained by functional causes, including sphincter of Oddi dysfunction and functional disorders of intestinal motility.

The problem of liver disease and toxicity is becoming increasingly relevant due to the rapid development of the chemical and pharmaceutical industries, greater penetration of the products into all spheres of human life, alcohol and surrogates abuse.

The review focuses on the importance of primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease in outpatient settings, and principles of effective and safe use of modern lipid-lowering drugs.

The article reflects the current views on the etiology and pathogenesis of osteoarthrosis (OA), risk factors and clinical manifestations. Non-pharmacological and pharmacological approaches to the treatment of OA are demonstrated. The role of chondroprotectors in adjuvant therapy is emphasized; evidence-based data showing the efficacy of glucosamine sulfate and chondroitin sulfate in osteoarthritis is provided.

Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability of the population. Recently, there has been an increase in the incidence of stroke among people of working age and a "rejuvenation" of stroke. The article tells about the algorithm for post-stroke patient management, modern methods of secondary prophylaxis of stroke aimed at prevention of recurrent cerebral circulation disorders and syndrome approach to the treatment of stroke patients.

Obesity increases the risk of diabetes mellitus type 2 due to the development of insulin resistance. Therapy for diabetes mellitus type 2 is limited by a relatively small amount of knowledge on the mechanisms of insulin resistance, despite the availability of several scientifically valid hypotheses about its origin. These theories focus on inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, hyperinsulinemia and lipotoxicity as playing the key role in the process. Absence of a general pathogenic mechanism of insulin resistance which combines all of the theories attracts attention to the issue. At the same time, none of the mentioned concepts or views resulted in an improvement or higher efficiency of treatment for diabetes mellitus type 2.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide. According to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), the number of adult patients (20-79 years) will reach 552 million people by 2030 globally[1]. Achieving and maintaining a stable blood glucose concentration closest to the physiological standards is the main goal of DM therapy[2]. Insulin therapy is the only effective treatment for diabetes mellitus type 1; in addition, many people with DM 2 and other types one day reach a point at which insulin becomes the only way to achieve the goal of treatment. Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) is a method of insulin delivery into the patient's organism, and an alternative to multiple injections.

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is caused by the formation of blood clots within a vein resulting in vein occlusion and risk of blood clots travelling to the pulmonary arteries. VTE manifestations are deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). Until recently, standard therapy for VTE included daily injections of heparin with a subsequent transition to oral intake of vitamin K antagonist warfarin. Registration of the oral anticoagulant Xarelto in the RF as a treatment for deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism and prevention of recurrent DVT and PE opens new opportunities for both professionals and patients.

You are 40 years old and you have a problem? You are 50 years old and you have a problem? You are above 60 years old and you have a problem? What kind of problems are experienced by women of all ages? The problem has one name: vaginal prolapse and stress urinary incontinence. You are happy in your long-awaited pregnancy, and suddenly doctors say that you have a problem: threatened miscarriage and cervical incompetence.

The article tells about a comparative evaluation of lipid correction and remodeling effects of statin monotherapy and its fixed combination with ezetimibe on the left ventricular myocardium, intima-media thickness (IMT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in men and women with metabolic syndrome (MS). The combination simvastatin + ezetimibe was more effective in women, resulting both in greater number of patients achieving the target level of LDL cholesterol, and the degree of positive change in lipid profile and IMT. Hypolipidemic and anti-inflammatory effects are comparable in men and women with MS who took simvastatin. Therapy with simvastatin or simvastatin + ezetimibe has a more marked anti-remodelling effect in women compared with men.